Chemokines

Rollins, Barrett J.

doi:10.1182/blood.v90.3.909

Cited by 2,069 publications

(612 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…Homeostatic chemokines are expressed constitutively within lymphoid tissues and appear to be responsible for movement of thymocytes through the thymus during selection 24 , 25 , 26 and for the physiological trafficking of cells including lymphocytes and DC into 2° lymphoid organs, under normal conditions or during immune responses as will be discussed in more detail below. Inflammatory chemokines are up‐regulated at sites of inflammation, and play a key role in the recruitment of effector leucocytes to peripheral tissues in response to immunological challenge 1 , 2 , 6 , 27 , 28 . There is also evidence that the maintenance of resident immune surveillance cells in peripheral tissues is regulated by low‐level basal expression of some homeostatic and some inducible chemokines.…”

Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokines and dendritic cells: A crucial alliance

McColl

2002

Immunol Cell Biol

109

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Summary Dendritic cells (DC) are bone marrow-derived professional antigen-presenting cells that function as sentinels of the immune system. Their importance in immunity resides in their unique ability to prime or tolerize T lymphocytes, thereby initiating or inhibiting immune responses. They reside in all tissues and organs and upon appropriate activation, migrate to secondary lymphoid organs to present antigen to T lymphocytes in the T cell zones. Because of this central role in T cell activation, there is a great deal of interest in using DC therapeutically to deliver positive or negative signals to the immune system. The DC system is critically dependent on the ability of DC at different stages of maturation to respond to a range of soluble and cell-bound signals, including members of the chemokine gene superfamily. This review will describe the interactions between DC and the chemokine system.

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Section: Chemokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemokines and dendritic cells: A crucial alliance

McColl

2002

Immunol Cell Biol

109

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“…The vascular endothelium plays an important role in the recruitment and migration of circulating effector cells into sites of inflammation and immune responses 1 , 2 , 3 . Chemokines were first described as chemoattractant cytokines synthesized at sites of inflammation and are the regulatory proteins for leucocyte recruitment and trafficking 4 , 5 . Chemokines are subdivided into four subfamilies, C‐, CC‐, CXC‐, and CX 3 C‐chemokine, based on the number and spacing of the first two cysteines in a conserved cysteine structural motif.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractalkine, a CX₃C‐chemokine, functions predominantly as an adhesion molecule in monocytic cell line THP‐1

et al. 2001

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Summary A newly identified CX 3 C-chemokine, fractalkine, expressed on activated endothelial cells plays an important role in leucocyte adhesion and migration. Co-immobilized fractalkine with fibronectin or intercellular adhesion molecule-1 enhanced adhesion of THP-1 cells, which express the fractalkine receptor (CX 3 CR1), compared with that observed for each alone. That adherence was fractalkine-dependent and was confirmed in blocking studies. However, soluble fractalkine induced little chemotaxis in THP-1 cells in comparison to monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), which induced a strong chemotactic response. Moreover, the membrane form of fractalkine expressed on ECV304 cells reduced MCP-1 mediated chemotaxis of THP-1 cells. These results indicate that fractalkine may function as an adhesion molecule between monocytes and endothelial cells rather than as a chemotactic factor.

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“…Cells respond to chemokines by their expression of specific seven‐transmembrane domain, G‐protein‐coupled receptors. In addition to leukocyte recruitment, chemokines also activate a variety of cellular responses, including cytokine production and axonal guidance and proliferation (Rollins 1997; Bajetto et al . 2001a,b).…”

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confidence: 99%

MCP‐1 (CCL2) protects human neurons and astrocytes from NMDA or HIV‐tat‐induced apoptosis

Eugenín¹,

D’Aversa²,

Lopez³

et al. 2003

Journal of Neurochemistry

263

225

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated dementia is often characterized by chronic inflammation, with infected macrophage infiltration of the CNS resulting in the production of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) products, including tat, and neurotoxins that contribute to neuronal loss. In addition to their established role in leukocyte recruitment and activation, we identified an additional role for chemokines in the CNS. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1 or CCL2) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were found to protect mixed cultures of human neurons and astrocytes from tat or NMDA-induced apoptosis. Neuronal and astrocytic apoptosis in these cultures was significantly inhibited by co-treatment with MCP-1 or RANTES but not IP-10. The protective effect of RANTES was blocked by antibodies to MCP-1, indicating that RANTES protection is mediated by the induction of MCP-1. The NMDA blocker, MK801, also abolished the toxic effects of both tat and NMDA. Tat or NMDA treatment of mixed cultures for 24 h resulted in increased extracellular glutamate ([Glu] e ) and NMDA receptor 1 (NMDAR1) expression, potential contributors to apoptosis. Co-treatment with MCP-1 inhibited tat and NMDA-induced increases in [Glu] e and NMDAR1, and also reduced the levels and number of neurons containing intracellular tat. These data indicate that MCP-1 may play a novel role as a protective agent against the toxic effects of glutamate and tat.

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Chemokines

Cited by 2,069 publications

References 261 publications

Chemokines and dendritic cells: A crucial alliance

Chemokines and dendritic cells: A crucial alliance

Fractalkine, a CX₃C‐chemokine, functions predominantly as an adhesion molecule in monocytic cell line THP‐1

MCP‐1 (CCL2) protects human neurons and astrocytes from NMDA or HIV‐tat‐induced apoptosis

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Chemokines

Cited by 2,069 publications

References 261 publications

Chemokines and dendritic cells: A crucial alliance

Chemokines and dendritic cells: A crucial alliance

Fractalkine, a CX3C‐chemokine, functions predominantly as an adhesion molecule in monocytic cell line THP‐1

MCP‐1 (CCL2) protects human neurons and astrocytes from NMDA or HIV‐tat‐induced apoptosis

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Fractalkine, a CX₃C‐chemokine, functions predominantly as an adhesion molecule in monocytic cell line THP‐1