Chemokine CXCL-1: activity in the vitreous during proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Abstract

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate CXCL-1 chemokine levels in the vitreous during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and identify possible correlations with clinical parameters (extent and duration or RRD and PVR grade). Vitreous samples from patients with primary RRD with or without PVR were collected and assayed using a double antibody enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Eleven vitreous samples from organ donors were employed as a control group. CXCL-1 levels were measured in 35 vitreous samples from 35 RRD patients. Mean CXCL-1 levels (64Á82 6 6Á47 pg/ml) were significantly higher (P = 0Á048) compared to controls. There was a significant positive correlation between CXCL-1 levels and the extent of the detachment (r 5 0Á794, P = 0Á006). Peak CXCL-1 levels coincided with 31 quadrant RRD, an interim of 29-60 days' duration and PVR grade B. Increased CXCL-1 levels may be indicative of mild inflammation in the detached retina and the adjacent vitreous. The results of the present study may provide novel insight into the complex interactions taking place during the early and late stages of RRD complicated by PVR.

Vitreous Cytokine Expression and a Murine Model Suggest a Key Role of Microglia in the Inflammatory Response to Retinal Detachment

“…Several studies have documented elevated levels of cytokines and growth factors in the vitreous of RD patients. 7 – 13 Transcriptomic analysis following RD in porcine and human retinas found that inflammatory genes dominated the response. 14 , 15 Experimental models of RD exhibit increased cytokine expression, gliosis, microgliosis, and subretinal infiltration of monocytes/macrophages.…”

Oxidative stress enhanced the transforming growth factor-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through chemokine ligand 1 on ARPE-19 cell

“…In the retina, it has been demonstrated that CXCL1 levels correlated significantly with the duration of RD and PVR 23 . Increased CXCL1 levels may be indicative of mild inflammation in the detached retina and the adjacent vitreous 24 . In this study, sublethal dose of H 2 O 2 alone upregulated CXCL1 protein in culture media of ARPE-19 (Fig.…”

Molecular Biologic Milieu in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Literature Review

“…Studies have also focused on CXCL-1 levels that have been found to be significantly elevated in cases of RRD [29, 30, 33], while maximum concentration coincided with total RRD, long duration, and late stage of PVR [30]. RPE cells have been shown to produce CXCL-1 as a result of PVR-related mediators.…”

“…Abundant evidence is available showing that the innate immune responses and the presence of inflammatory mediators in ocular tissue may underlie the pathologic changes that ultimately lead to development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) [24‒46]. PVR is the most common cause for RRD recurrence and postoperative visual impairment.…”

“…A literature search revealed several studies [5‒45, 47‒51] which focus on immunologic and inflammatory signaling molecules that are involved in the pathophysiology of RRD and PVR. This review article presents selected pertinent evidence on what is currently known about the most common mediators in the processes of RRD and PVR, discusses salient aspects of the related pathophysiology, and points to potentially fruitful directions for future research.…”