Chemodetection and Destruction of Host Urea Allows Helicobacter pylori to Locate the Epithelium

Huang, Julie Y.; Sweeney, Emily Goers; Sigal, Michael; Zhang, Hai C.; Remington, S.J.; Cantrell, Michael A.; Kuo, Calvin J.; Guillemin, Karen; Amieva, Manuel R.

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2015.07.002

Cited by 152 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…A few years earlier, TlpB was shown to have a tightly bound urea molecule that functions as a cofactor for pH sensing (Goers Sweeney et al, 2012). This observation led Huang et al (2015) to test whether urea was the molecule produced by the gastric organoidsas well as by many other mammalian cells-and indeed, it was.…”

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confidence: 96%

“…The chemoreceptor responsible for detecting urea, however, was not known. To analyze which chemoreceptors are relevant to sense metabolites produced by human stomach cells, Huang et al (2015) utilized human gastric organoids and asked what H. pylori attractant chemicals are released by them and which chemoreceptors sense them ( Figure 1). They obtained a strong attractant signal that mapped to one of H. pylori's four chemoreceptors, TlpB.…”

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confidence: 99%

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H. pylori GPS: Modulating Host Metabolites for Location Sensing

Keilberg

Ottemann

2015

Cell Host & Microbe

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confidence: 96%

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confidence: 99%

H. pylori GPS: Modulating Host Metabolites for Location Sensing

Keilberg

Ottemann

2015

Cell Host & Microbe

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“…The chemotactic activities exhibited by H. pylori presented in response to urea suggest that the proton motive force generated in the process is adequate for swimming in chemotaxis buffer. As discussed, adaptive mechanisms are responsible for the chemotactic movement toward attractants [30,33]. In H. pylori, chemoattractant sensing is mediated by methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCP), which contain a large cytoplasmic signaling and adaptation domain.…”

Section: Impact Of Urea On the Type And Frequency Of H Pylori Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Cell Chemotactic Responses of Helicobacter pylori to Urea in a Microfluidic Chip

2016

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Abstract:Helicobacter pylori is a spiral-shaped bacterium that grows in the human digestive tract; it infects~50% of the global population. H. pylori induce inflammation, gastroenteritis, and ulcers, which is associated with significant morbidity and may be linked to stomach cancer in certain individuals. Motility is an essential virulence factor for H. pylori, allowing it to migrate toward and invade the epithelial lining of the stomach to shelter it from the harsh environment of the stomach. H. pylori senses pH gradients and use polar flagella to move towards the epithelium where the pH approaches neutrality. However, its chemotaxis behaviors are incompletely understood. Previous in vitro tests examining the response of H. pylori to chemical gradients have been subjected to substantial limitations. To more accurately mimic/modulate the cellular microenvironment, a nanoporous microfluidic device was used to monitor the real time chemotactic activity of single cell of H. pylori in response to urea. The results showed that microfluidic method is a promising alternative for accurate studying of chemotactic behavior of H. pylori, the application of which may also be extended in the studies of other bacteria.

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“…Mounting evidence suggests that signaling through all four chemoreceptors is necessary for efficient colonization of the gastric epithelium (45). It has been shown that H. pylori exhibits chemotaxis toward metabolites emanating from the human gastric epithelium and that urea is the primary host-derived metabolite that attracts the bacterium (46). Urea is sensed by TlpB, and its very high affinity enables responses to concentrations as low as 50 nM.…”

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Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Bacterial and Archaeal Locomotion and Signal Transduction

et al. 2017

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The structure and function of two-component and chemotactic signaling and different aspects related to the motility of bacteria and archaea are key research areas in modern microbiology. Escherichia coli is the traditional model organism used to study chemotaxis signaling and motility. However, the recent study of a wide range of bacteria and even some archaea with different lifestyles has provided new insight into the ecophysiology of chemotaxis, which is essential for the establishment of different pathogens or beneficial bacteria in a host. The expanded range of model organisms has also permitted the study of chemosensory pathways unrelated to chemotaxis, multiple chemotaxis pathways within an organism, and new types of chemoreceptors. This research has greatly benefitted from technical advances in the field of cryomicroscopy, which continues to reveal with increasing resolution the complexity and diversity of large protein complexes like the flagellar motor or chemoreceptor arrays. In addition, sensitive instruments now allow an increasing number of experiments to be conducted at the single-cell level, thereby revealing information that is beginning to bridge the gap between individual cells and population behavior. Evidence has also accumulated showing that bacteria have evolved different mechanisms for surface sensing, which appears to be mediated by flagella and possibly type IV pili, and that the downstream signaling involves chemosensory pathways and two-component-system-based processes. Herein, we summarize the recent advances and research tendencies in this field as presented at the latest Bacterial Locomotion and Signal Transduction (BLAST XIV) conference.KEYWORDS chemotaxis, flagella, flagellar motility, signal transduction, two-component regulatory systems T he capacity to sense and respond to changes in environmental cues is an essential feature of the prokaryotic lifestyle. As a consequence, bacteria and archaea have evolved an array of different molecular mechanisms that permit the detection of signals in order to generate appropriate cellular responses. These responses are mediated primarily by one-and two-component systems, as well as chemosensory signaling pathways (1-4). Whereas the former systems mediate changes primarily at the transcriptional level, chemosensory pathways form the basis for chemotaxis, the directed movement of prokaryotes in compound gradients. The study of signaling processes is not only of fundamental interest but may also contribute to the tackling of one of the central clinical problems, which is the increasing amount of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. There is now a significant amount of data indicating that interference with signal transduction systems, motility, and chemotaxis can be an alternative strategy to weaken or block pathogens (5, 6).In

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Chemodetection and Destruction of Host Urea Allows Helicobacter pylori to Locate the Epithelium

Cited by 152 publications

References 50 publications

H. pylori GPS: Modulating Host Metabolites for Location Sensing

H. pylori GPS: Modulating Host Metabolites for Location Sensing

Single Cell Chemotactic Responses of Helicobacter pylori to Urea in a Microfluidic Chip

Recent Advances and Future Prospects in Bacterial and Archaeal Locomotion and Signal Transduction

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