Chemo-catalytic synthesis of biomass-derived furanyl diethers: green and renewable bio-diesel components

Abstract

The development of green and renewable energy sources is one of the crucial and effective approaches to mitigating carbon footprint from fossil fuels. Biomass-derived furanyl diethers, including a library of...

One-pot reductive etherification of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-bis(isopropoxymethyl)furan over a sulfonic acid-functionalized zirconium-based coordination catalyst

“…Based on the above observations, it can be deduced that the satisfactory catalytic activity of Zr-BDC-S 60 should be mainly due to the cooperative actions of abundant acid-base sites with high Lewis acid strength, moderate Lewis base strength and high Brønsted acid strength, because these properties not only facilitated the MPV reduction reaction of HMF, but also contributed to the etherification reaction of HMF, BHMF and HIPMF, and then promoted the conversion of HMF to BIPMF. 17 Moreover, pyridine-adsorbed FT-IR analysis was also conducted to intensively investigate the Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites of catalysts. As shown in Fig.…”

“…16 Moreover, BAMFs also show superior energy density, cetane number, lubricity, miscibility and combustion performance. [17][18][19][20] Based on these properties, BAMFs are perceived to be the more promising diesel components or additives, which have been increasingly improved in recent years.…”

“…In contrast to EXHSs, ENHSs possess higher reaction safety and efficiency, so they are the more desirable catalytic systems for the synthesis of BAMFs. 17 In particular, the formation process of BAMFs in ENHSs mainly involves the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction reaction and etherification reaction, which can be catalyzed by catalysts with acid-base sites. [17][18][19][20] In recent years, various bifunctional catalysts have been designed and applied for the one-pot reductive etherification of HMF to BAMFs, especially 2,5-bis(isopropoxymethyl)furan (BIPMF).…”

“…17 In particular, the formation process of BAMFs in ENHSs mainly involves the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reduction reaction and etherification reaction, which can be catalyzed by catalysts with acid-base sites. [17][18][19][20] In recent years, various bifunctional catalysts have been designed and applied for the one-pot reductive etherification of HMF to BAMFs, especially 2,5-bis(isopropoxymethyl)furan (BIPMF). [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For instance, Luo et al 30 and Jae et al 31 in 2014 developed a tincontaining beta zeolite catalyst (Sn-BEA), resulting in 60.9% and 79.6% BIPMF yields at 180 °C for 3 h and 6 h, respectively.…”

A functionalized Hf(iv)–organic framework introducing an efficient, recyclable, and size-selective heterogeneous catalyst for MPV reduction

“…4 The Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley (MPV) reaction is a CTH process where phenyl ethanol types of compounds are achieved by the reduction of the corresponding aldehydes or ketones. [5][6][7] The MPV reaction involves the formation of a six-membered ring transition state in which both the reducing alcohol and the carbonyl compound are coordinated to the metal center (Lewis acidic site). 8,9 The assistance of basic sites has also been proposed for the formation of the sixmembered ring.…”