Chemistry, properties, and applications of fluorographene

Abstract

Graphical abstract

One‐Step Synthesis of Janus Fluorographene Derivatives

“…The density of defects and disorder as well as the changes introduced by defluorination and subsequent chemical modification were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, as shown in Figure c. In contrast to pristine FG, which is almost Raman inactive, the characteristic intense bands are displayed for JFG‐OH prepared at different temperatures. For the samples prepared at 30–70 °C, we can observe the second order D band (≈1350 cm −1 ), which is ascribed to sp 3 hybridized carbon arising from lattice defects and distortions as well as the first order G band (≈1600 cm −1 ) associated with sp 2 hybridized carbon atoms of the graphitic lattice .…”

“…Graphene oxide is a water dispersible material, which is prepared by oxidation of graphene under harsh reaction conditions affecting its structure, stoichiometry and properties . Fluorographene (FG), a stoichiometric graphene derivative with C−F bonds on the graphitic basal plane, has recently attracted attention as a suitable precursor of graphene derivatives . Owing to FG susceptibility to reductive defluorination and nucleophilic substitution under mild conditions, a variety of functional groups have been mounted onto FG nanosheets, yielding novel functional graphene derivatives with entirely new properties .…”

“…Fluorographene (FG), a stoichiometric graphene derivative with C−F bonds on the graphitic basal plane, has recently attracted attention as a suitable precursor of graphene derivatives . Owing to FG susceptibility to reductive defluorination and nucleophilic substitution under mild conditions, a variety of functional groups have been mounted onto FG nanosheets, yielding novel functional graphene derivatives with entirely new properties . Regarding the reaction mechanism of FG, it is acceptable that the occurrence of radical point defects triggers a cascade of nucleophilic substitution (SN) reactions along with simultaneous defluorination .…”

C−N Coupling Reactions on Graphene with Aromatic Macromolecules and the Spatial Conformation of Grafted Macromolecules

“…[10] Fluorinated graphene (FG), as toichiometric and well-defined graphene derivative with ah igh F/C ratio, has high reactivity becauseo ft he facile cleavage of axial CÀFb onds on original graphene, which makes it ap romisingc andidate as the precur-sor for graphene covalent modification. [11] In addition, owing to the unique attributes of CÀFb onds, FG is expected to initiate the reactions under milder conditions than the analogous one involving fluorobenzene. Like the Ullmann reaction, fluorobenzene could undergo CÀNc oupling reactions with small aromatic molecules such as imidazole, but the extremelyh igh temperature (> 200 8C), the use of metal catalysts, and the time-consuming process make it hard to harness.…”

Chemistry of Graphene Derivatives: Synthesis, Applications, and Perspectives

“…Fluorographene can serve as astarting material for the synthesis of graphene modified with various kinds of functional groups. Reprinted from ref [104]…”