Chemistry of β +-Emitting Compounds Based on Fluorine-18

Lasne, Marie‐Claire; Perrio, Cécile; Rouden, Jacques; Barré, Louisa; Roeda, Dirck; Dollé, Frédéric; Crouzel, C.

doi:10.1007/3-540-46009-8_7

Cited by 132 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…[2] The nucleus of choice for PET is fluorine-18 ( 18 F), which is typically introduced into PET tracers through the formation of carbon-fluorine bonds using nucleophilic fluoride ( 18 F¯ ) under harsh reaction conditions. [3] The short half-life of 18 F of 109 minutes requires that carbon-fluorine bond formation occur at a late stage of the PET tracer synthesis, ideally as the last step. Many promising PET tracers for imaging are currently inaccessible due to the lack of suitable chemistry for the general, late-stage introduction of fluorine into complex, functionalized molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many promising PET tracers for imaging are currently inaccessible due to the lack of suitable chemistry for the general, late-stage introduction of fluorine into complex, functionalized molecules. [3,4] Here, we present a new strategy for carbon-fluorine bond formation that relies on the fluorination of arylboronic acids via palladium complexes (eq 1). The reaction permits a general, regiospecific late-stage formation of carbon-fluorine bonds in the presence of a large variety of functional groups found in medicinally active molecules.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Palladium‐Mediated Fluorination of Arylboronic Acids

2008

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Palladium‐Mediated Fluorination of Arylboronic Acids

2008

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“…PET requires injection of a tracer labeled with a positron-emitting isotope, such as fluorine-18, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15, carbon-11, or a radiometal. Fluorine-18 possesses physical and nuclear properties that are particularly desirable for radiolabeling and imaging [3]. For example, the low positron energy and range ensure high-resolution imaging while minimizing radiation exposure to the patient.…”

Section: Radiosynthesis Of Positron Emission Tomography Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rensch et al have shown via simulations and experiments that the degree of radiolysis is geometry dependent [3]. In vessels for which at least one dimension is significantly smaller than the positron range (e.g., capillary tubing or EWOD chips), there is significantly reduced radiolysis because positrons can escape the solvent before depositing very much of their energy (Fig.…”

Section: Reduced Radiolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of Radiochemistry in Microliter Volumes

Keng

Sergeev

Dam

2016

Perspectives on Nuclear Medicine for Molecular Diagnosis and Integrated Therapy

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Positron emission tomography (PET) provides quantitative 3D visualization of physiological parameters (e.g., metabolic rate, receptor density, gene expression, blood flow) in real time in the living body. By enabling measurement of differences in such characteristics between normal and diseased tissues, PET serves as vital tool for basic research as well as for clinical diagnosis and patient management. Prior to a PET scan, the patient is injected with a short-lived tracer labeled with a positron-emitting isotope. Safe preparation of the tracer is an expensive process, requiring specially trained personnel and high-cost equipment operated within hot cells. The current centralized manufacturing strategy, in which large batches are prepared and divided among many patients, enables the most commonly used tracer (i.e., [ 18 F]FDG) to be obtained at an affordable price. However, as the diversity of tracers increases, other strategies for cost reduction will become necessary. This challenge is being addressed by the development of miniaturized radiochemistry instrumentation based on microfluidics. These compact systems have the potential to significantly reduce equipment cost and shielding while increasing diversity of tracers produced in a given facility. The most common approach uses "flow-through" microreactors, which leverage the ability to precisely control reaction conditions to improve synthesis times and yields. Several groups have also developed "batch" microreactors which offer significant additional advantages such as reduced reagent consumption, simpler purifications, and exceptionally high specific activity, by reducing operating volumes by orders of magnitude. In this chapter, we review these "batch" approaches and the advantages of using small volumes, with special emphasis on digital microfluidics, in which reactions have been performed with volumes as low as~1 μL.

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“…Another useful application for certain nuclei that decay through positron (b + ) emission is positron emission tomography (PET). [109] For some nuclei of small atomic mass, radioactive decay occurs by the emission of a positron, which is a positively charged particle with the mass of an electron. Collision of a positron with an electron results in annihilation and the release of a gamma-ray photon.…”

Section: F Positron Emission Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selectfluor: Mechanistic Insight and Applications

et al. 2004

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The replacement of hydrogen atoms with fluorine substituents in organic substrates is of great interest in synthetic chemistry because of the strong electronegativity of fluorine and relatively small steric footprint of fluorine atoms. Many sources of nucleophilic fluorine are available for the derivatization of organic molecules under acidic, basic, and neutral conditions. However, electrophilic fluorination has historically required molecular fluorine, whose notorious toxicity and explosive tendencies limit its application in research. The necessity for an electrophilic fluorination reagent that is safe, stable, highly reactive, and amenable to industrial production as an alternative to very hazardous molecular fluorine was the inspiration for the discovery of selectfluor. This reagent is not only one of the most reactive electrophilic fluorinating reagents available, but it is also safe, nontoxic, and easy to handle. In this Review we document the many applications of selectfluor and discuss possible mechanistic pathways for its reaction.

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Chemistry of β +-Emitting Compounds Based on Fluorine-18

Cited by 132 publications

References 210 publications

Palladium‐Mediated Fluorination of Arylboronic Acids

Palladium‐Mediated Fluorination of Arylboronic Acids

Advantages of Radiochemistry in Microliter Volumes

Selectfluor: Mechanistic Insight and Applications

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