Chemistry of the modification of sulphur by the use of dicyclopentadiene and of styrene

Blight, L.; Currell, B. R.; Nash, B. J.; Scott, R. Tony M.; Stillo, Christopher

doi:10.1002/pi.4980120103

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Stabilizing of the diradical polymeric sulfur with dienes, such as dicyclopentadiene, via copolymerization can be used to prevent the depolymerization. Among these attempts, the sulfur‐based composites and copolymers make the elemental sulfur a promising alternative to hydrocarbon‐based materials . Unfortunately, these materials either have low level of sulfur content into the ultimate copolymer or form polymeric components with restricted processability and tenability of properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental sulfur‐based polymeric materials: Synthesis and characterization

Salman

Karabay

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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New elemental sulfur-based polymeric materials called poly(sulfur-random-divinylbenzene) [poly(S-r-DVB)] were synthesized by ring opening polymerization via inverse vulcanization technique in the presence of a mixture of o-, m-, and p-diviniylbenzene (DVB) as a cross-linker. A clear yellow/orange colored liquid was obtained from the elemental sulfur melted at 160 8C and then by adding various amounts of DVB to this liquid directly via a syringe at 200 8C viscous reddish brown polymeric materials were obtained. The copolymers are soluble in common solvents like tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and chloroform, and they can be coated on any surface as a thin film by a spray coating technique. The characterization of the materials was performed by using nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared, and Raman spectroscopies. The morphological properties were monitored via scanning electron microscope technique. Thermal analysis showed that an increase in the amount of DVB in the copolymers resulted in an increase in the thermal decomposition temperature. On the other hand, poly(S-r-DVB) copolymers exhibited good percent transmittance as 50% T between 1500 and 13,000 nm in electromagnetic radiation spectrum, which makes them good candidates to be amenable use in military and surveillance cameras.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental sulfur‐based polymeric materials: Synthesis and characterization

Salman

Karabay

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The presence of another signal at 20 ppm suggests the formation of methyl groups in the molecular structure of poly(S-co-EAE), probably due to hydrogen abstraction by intermediately formed EAE radicals and the concomitant formation of methyl end group. 27 Thermogravimetric analysis of poly(S-co-EAE) materials showed that decomposition was characterized by two steps, first weight loss at ~230°C and the second gradual weight loss between 400 and 600°C (figure 2b). The weight loss in the first step is well correlated with the sulfur content and that of the second step with the employed amount of EAE, indicating that the feed ratios were retained in the final copolymer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A sulfur–eugenol allyl ether copolymer: a material synthesized via inverse vulcanization from renewable resources and its application in Li–S batteries

Hoefling

Nguyen

Lee

et al. 2017

Mater. Chem. Front.

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The demand for environmentally friendly and sustainable resources have dramatically increased in scientific and technological areas including energy storage systems and production of new functional materials. Sulfur copolymers with high sulfur contents up to 90 wt% were prepared via inverse vulcanization from environment-friendly, sustainable raw materials: cost-effective waste-product elemental sulfur and eugenol allylether (EAE), which is obtained from clove oil. Thermal properties and electrochemical activities of the resulting poly(S-co-EAE) materials can be tuned by controlling EAE:S feed ratio. Employed as cathode materials in Li-S batteries, the copolymer with 90 wt% sulfur content provides a good cycling stability at the capacity ~650 mAhg -1 and high coulombic efficiencies (> 99 %) over 100 cycles.

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“…Examples include vinylics (styrene [55][56][57][58][59] 5). In solution-based copolymerizations conducted at temperatures commonly used for free radical polymerizations of vinylic comonomers (i.e., between 60-90 ºC) S 8 acts as an inhibitor due to the significant chain transfer rate between the carbon radical and sulfur [58,61].…”

Section: Free-radically Generated Copolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was noted, however, when utilizing a monofunctional comonomer (e.g., styrene) that prolonged reaction times at high temperatures (T ≥140 °C) resulted in a significant decrease in molecular weight due to depolymerization from dangling radical chain ends. Blight et al [55][56][57] and Bordoloi et al [78] demonstrated that the reaction of higher functionality monomers (i.e., dicyclopentadiene) led to stable copolymeric materials which were soluble in CS 2 . NMR spectroscopy revealed that only the norbornenyl unsaturation was consumed at 140 ºC to yield a linear polymer microstructure with a lower amount of unreacted sulfur content than observed with monofunctional olefins.…”

Section: Insert Figure 5 and Figure 5 Captionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By heating the bulk copolymerization above 150 ºC a fraction of the reaction mixture became insoluble in CS 2 due to crosslinking. However, at temperatures in excess of 140 ºC, the generation of H 2 S was also observed along with polymer degradation [55,57,73]. Ultimately, this general route to sulfur copolymers (i.e., free radical methods) was historically complicated by incomplete sulfur consumption, depolymerization, and H 2 S generation.…”

Section: Insert Figure 5 and Figure 5 Captionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polymerizations with elemental sulfur: A novel route to high sulfur content polymers for sustainability, energy and defense

Griebel

Glass

Char

et al. 2016

Progress in Polymer Science

359

254

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Recent developments in the polymerizations of elemental sulfur (S 8 ) to prepare high sulfur content polymers are reviewed. While the homopolymerization of S 8 via ring-opening processes to prepare high molar mass polymeric sulfur has long been known, this form of polymeric sulfur is chemically unstable and depolymerizes back to S 8 . In the current report, we discuss the background into the production of sulfur via petroleum refining and the challenges associated with utilizing S 8 as a chemical reagent for materials synthesis. To circumvent these long standing challenges in working with sulfur, the use of S 8 as a reaction medium and comonomer in a process termed, inverse vulcanization, was developed to prepare chemically stable and processable sulfur copolymers. Furthermore, access to polymeric materials with a very high content of sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bonds enabled for the first time the creation of materials with useful (electro)chemical and optical properties which are reviewed for use in Li-S batteries, IR imaging technology and self-healing materials.

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Chemistry of the modification of sulphur by the use of dicyclopentadiene and of styrene

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Elemental sulfur‐based polymeric materials: Synthesis and characterization

Elemental sulfur‐based polymeric materials: Synthesis and characterization

A sulfur–eugenol allyl ether copolymer: a material synthesized via inverse vulcanization from renewable resources and its application in Li–S batteries

Polymerizations with elemental sulfur: A novel route to high sulfur content polymers for sustainability, energy and defense

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