Chemistry of the Cure of Poly(p-phenylene sulfide)

Hawkins, Richard T.

doi:10.1021/ma60050a001

Cited by 159 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It is known that PPS has three different types of chain structure, linear, branched, and cross-linked, depending on the conditions of polymerization and thermal treatment [10]. The cross-linking structure in cured PPS has been investigated; it involves chain extension, thermal cross-linking, and oxidative cross-linking (Scheme 1) [10]. In our system, it is evident that a cross-linking structure was formed by thermal curing in the presence of oxygen.…”

Section: Molecular Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Curing Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2013

ACES

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Commercial poly(p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) was thermally cured, which resulted in an increase of molecular weight due to cross-linking. Non-isothermal crystallization studies of samples cured for up to 7 days at 250˚C showed a monotonous increase of crystallization temperature compared to pure PPS. However, a further increase of curing time decreased the crystallization temperature. The change in the half-crystallization time (t 1/2 ) was similar to the crystallization temperature. Thus, the cross-linking of PPS affected crystallization behaviors significantly. To a certain extent, crosslinks acted as nucleation agents, but excessive cross-linking hindered the crystallization. Morphologies observed by polarized optical microscopy suggested that thermal curing for as little as 1 day contributed to the spherulitic structure having a smaller size, that was not observed with pure PPS.

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Section: Molecular Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Curing Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2013

ACES

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“…Many investigators [23][24][25]35,36,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] studied the crystallization kinetics of PPS and its composites. Most of these studies were reviewed previously, 3,6 so the approach taken here will be an overview of the most important observations.…”

Section: Crystallization Morphology and Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, PPS is known to undergo degradation, chain extension and crosslinking reactions in the presence of oxygen and temperatures near or above the melting point for extended periods of time. 3,14,53 These reactions can reduce crystallization rate and ultimate crystallinity. Thus, long exposures to high temperatures, often referred to as "curing," are to be avoided unless these reactions are desired.…”

Section: Overall Rate Of Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Measurement and Development of Crystallinity and Its Relation to Properties in Neat Poly(phenylene Sulfide) and Its Fiber Reinforced Composites

Spruiell¹

2005

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“…The variation in processed material melt temperature measured for all manufacturing trials was only 6 ºC, Table 3 thermal cross-linking [14]. As shown in Figure 4, a higher forming temperature results in a decrease in the measured degree of crystallinity, which is indicative of a higher level of crosslinking chemical reactions under such processing conditions.…”

Section: Recyclability Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Thermoforming carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites

McCool

Murphy

Wilson

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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The use of carbon fibre composites is growing in many sectors but their use remains stronger in very high value industries such as aerospace where the demands of the application more easily justify the high energy input needed and the corresponding costs incurred. This energy and cost input is returned through gains over the whole life of the product, with for example, longer maintenance intervals for an aircraft and lower fuel burn. Thermoplastic composites however have a different energy and cost profile compared to traditional thermosets with notable differences in recyclability, but this profile for thermoplastics is not well quantified or documented. This study considers the key process control parameters and identifies an optimal window for processing thermoplastic composites, along with the effect this has on the final characteristics of the manufactured parts. Interactions between parameters and corresponding sensitivities are extracted from the results. Keywords:Thermoforming, continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic, whole life modelling, composite material recycling-reuse. * Corresponding author:Tel.: +44 (0) 28 9097 4178; fax: +44 (0) 28 9066 1729.E-mail address: m.price@qub.ac.uk (Mark Price).Page 2 of 24 Introduction Designing with new materialsThe introduction of new materials, particularly for aerospace products, is not a simple, quick or cheap task. New materials and associated processes require extensive and high cost qualification and must meet challenging manufacturing, strength, stiffness, durability, inspection and maintenance requirements, as well as emerging recycling-reuse targets, obligations and directives. Considering the structural design process, a design is traditionally conceived using experience in combination with highly idealized performance models. This is true for the simplest of components and for the complete vehicle structure. Given commercial pressures for reduced time to market and available data within early design, the ability to fully explore and assess the potential design space is highly constrained. Consequently designs and materials tend to be limited to the most feasible of a few considered, or limited to a known and previously used design and material combination. Moreover, in cases were new materials have been selected, the structural design may not initially maximise the material potential. A good example of this is the introduction of thermosetting composite structures in aerospace which were initially designed as if they were traditional metal materials with isotropic properties. Such design constraints can only be overcome with new understanding and the adoption of new design methods which account for the range of materials, and material to part processes available, as well as the complex interactions between the materials and the ultimate whole life structural performance.In the case of composites this whole life aspect is fundamental in understanding the balance of energy and cost for a product. Each step in the manufacturing process consumes ene...

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Chemistry of the Cure of Poly(p-phenylene sulfide)

Cited by 159 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Curing Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

Effect of Curing Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

A Review of the Measurement and Development of Crystallinity and Its Relation to Properties in Neat Poly(phenylene Sulfide) and Its Fiber Reinforced Composites

Thermoforming carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites

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Chemistry of the Cure of Poly(p-phenylene sulfide)

Cited by 159 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Curing Poly(&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

Effect of Curing Poly(&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

A Review of the Measurement and Development of Crystallinity and Its Relation to Properties in Neat Poly(phenylene Sulfide) and Its Fiber Reinforced Composites

Thermoforming carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composites

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Product

Resources

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Effect of Curing Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies

Effect of Curing Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylene Sulfide) on Thermal Properties and Crystalline Morphologies