Chemistry of the Amanita Peptide Toxins

Walton, Jonathan D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76822-9_2

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Defence peptides - The bicyclic octapeptide α-amanitin produced by some Amanita , Galerina , Conocybe and Lepiota species is probably the most famous toxin of Agaricomycete fruiting bodies ( Walton 2018 ). The thermal stability and the very low lethal dose (0.1 mg/kg body weight) of the peptide have led to the common names ‘death cap’ ( Amanita phalloides ) or ‘destroying angel’ ( Amanita bisporigera ) of α-amanitin producers.…”

Section: Results: Developmentally Expressed Gene Classes In the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes

Nagy

Vonk

Künzler

et al. 2023

Studies in Mycology

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Fruiting bodies (sporocarps, sporophores or basidiomata) of mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) are among the most complex structures produced by fungi. Unlike vegetative hyphae, fruiting bodies grow determinately and follow a genetically encoded developmental program that orchestrates their growth, tissue differentiation and sexual sporulation. In spite of more than a century of research, our understanding of the molecular details of fruiting body morphogenesis is still limited and a general synthesis on the genetics of this complex process is lacking. In this paper, we aim at a comprehensive identification of conserved genes related to fruiting body morphogenesis and distil novel functional hypotheses for functionally poorly characterised ones. As a result of this analysis, we report 921 conserved developmentally expressed gene families, only a few dozens of which have previously been reported to be involved in fruiting body development. Based on literature data, conserved expression patterns and functional annotations, we provide hypotheses on the potential role of these gene families in fruiting body development, yielding the most complete description of molecular processes in fruiting body morphogenesis to date. We discuss genes related to the initiation of fruiting, differentiation, growth, cell surface and cell wall, defence, transcriptional regulation as well as signal transduction. Based on these data we derive a general model of fruiting body development, which includes an early, proliferative phase that is mostly concerned with laying out the mushroom body plan (via cell division and differentiation), and a second phase of growth via cell expansion as well as meiotic events and sporulation. Altogether, our discussions cover 1 480 genes of Coprinopsis cinerea, and their orthologs in Agaricus bisporus, Cyclocybe aegerita, Armillaria ostoyae, Auriculariopsis ampla, Laccaria bicolor, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus tigrinus, Mycena kentingensis, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Schizophyllum commune, providing functional hypotheses for ~10 % of genes in the genomes of these species. Although experimental evidence for the role of these genes will need to be established in the future, our data provide a roadmap for guiding functional analyses of fruiting related genes in the Agaricomycetes. We anticipate that the gene compendium presented here, combined with developments in functional genomics approaches will contribute to uncovering the genetic bases of one of the most spectacular multicellular developmental processes in fungi.

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Section: Results: Developmentally Expressed Gene Classes In the ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons on fruiting body morphogenesis from genomes and transcriptomes of Agaricomycetes

Nagy

Vonk

Künzler

et al. 2023

Studies in Mycology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore 4-hydroxyisoleucine is found in some of the fungal Amanita cyclic peptide toxins (Walton 2018) and has been isolated as a nonproteogenic amino acid with glucosedependent insulinotropic activity from seeds of the legume Trigonella foenum-graecum (Zafar and Gao 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%