Chemistry of Rubber–Organoclay Nanocomposites

Reduction of filler networking in silica based elastomeric nanocomposites with exfoliated organo-montmorillonite

“…Crosslinking was performed with peroxide, used in place of sulphur based crosslinking system, that is known to interact with OC. The ammonium cations increase the mobility of sulphur accelerating anionic species and amines, that arise from thermal decomposition of the ammonium cations, react with sulphur (Giannini et al, 2011). Acceleration of sulphur based crosslinking reaction and increase of crosslinking net-work density have been documented (Avalos et al, 2008; 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 G′c a − G′m b (MPa) -2.6 2.5 -2.1 2.0 1.6 --a G′c = G′ γmin (0.3%) of OC-X nanocomposites.…”

Rubber Clay Nanocomposites

“…To explain the behaviour of OC in sulphur based crosslinking, the formation of tertiary amines from the thermal degradation of ammonium cations and the enhanced mobility of sulphur accelerating anionic species were proposed [89].…”

Delamination of organically modified montmorillonite for reducing the filler networking with carbon black in poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) based nanocomposites

“…It is known that the compensating ammonium cations of OMt bring about noticeable acceleration of sulfur based crosslinking reaction (Avalos et al, 2008;Maiti et al, 2008;Sengupta et al, 2007;Verdejo et al, 2011). The tertiary amines formed from the ammonium cations and the increased mobility of sulfur accelerating anionic species are considered to be responsible of this phenomenon (Giannini et al, 2011). To prevent premature crosslinking and too fast kinetics, a combination of pre-vulcanization inhibitors, phthalic anhydride and Ncyclohexylthiophtalimide (Giannini et al, 2005) was used in this work.…”

“…The tertiary amines formed from the ammonium cations and the increased mobility of sulfur accelerating anionic species are considered to be responsible of this phenomenon (Giannini et al, 2011). To prevent premature crosslinking and too fast kinetics, a combination of pre-vulcanization inhibitors, phthalic anhydride and Ncyclohexylthiophtalimide (Giannini et al, 2005) was used in this work. Composites were properly crosslinked, as shown by the values determined for the crosslinking parameters: ts1 and T90 were about 6 and 20 min, respectively, when CB was the only filler and about 3 and 18 min respectively, for the OMt based nanocomposites.…”