Chemistry of porphyrins in fossil plants and animals

Tahoun, Mariam; Gee, Carole T.; McCoy, Victoria E.; Sander, P. Martin; Müller, Christian

doi:10.1039/d0ra10688g

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies found that iridophores in the dermis of a gecko can produce greenish UV-PL (Prötzel et al 2021). The reddish UV-PL observed on the plumage of some birds was identi ed as caused by coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX (Church & Oxon 1869;Rimington 1938;Negro et al 2009;Okazaki & Imamura 2019;Camacho et al 2019;Galván et al 2016), which are common molecules that play a crucial role in various biological processes, notably in heme biosynthesis (Ajioka, Phillips & Kushner 2006;Tahoun et al 2021). Recent analyses of the hair of springhares (Pedetes sp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fur glowing under ultraviolet: in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals

et al. 2022

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Examples of photoluminescence (PL) are being reported with increasing frequency in a wide range of organisms from diverse ecosystems. However, the chemical basis of this PL remains poorly de ned, and our understanding of its potential ecological function is still super cial. Amongst mammals, recent analyses have identi ed free-base porphyrins as the compounds responsible for the reddish ultravioletinduced photoluminescence (UV-PL) observed in the pelage of springhares and hedgehogs. However, the localization of the pigments within the hair largely remains to be determined. Here we use photoluminescence multispectral imaging emission and excitation spectroscopy to detect, map and characterize porphyrinic compounds in skin appendages in situ. We also document new cases of mammalian UV-PL caused by free-base porphyrins in distantly related species. Spatial distribution of the UV-PL is strongly suggestive of an endogenous origin of the porphyrinic compounds. We argue that reddish UV-PL is predominantly observed in crepuscular and nocturnal mammals because porphyrins are photodegradable. Consequently, this phenomenon may not have a speci c function in intra-or interspeci c communication but rather represents a byproduct of potentially widespread physiological processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fur glowing under ultraviolet: in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals

et al. 2022

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“…Several techniques have been used for the study of porphyrins, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 14 ], spectrofluorometry [ 15 ], laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF–MS) [ 16 ] and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) [ 17 ]. HPLC is currently established as the standard technique for the quantitative analysis of porphyrins for the diagnosis of human porphyrias [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Louleb

Galván

Latrous

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Unlike humans, some animals have evolved a physiological ability to deposit porphyrins, which are pigments produced during heme synthesis in cells, in the skin and associated integument such as hair. Given the inert nature and easiness of collection of hair, animals that present porphyrin-based pigmentation constitute unique models for porphyrin analysis in biological samples. Here we present the development of a simple, rapid, and efficient analytical method for four natural porphyrins (uroporphyrin I, coproporphyrin I, coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX) in the Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans, a mammal with hair that fluoresces and that we suspected has porphyrin-based pigmentation. The method is based on capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS), after an extraction procedure with formic acid and acetonitrile. The resulting limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006–0.199 and 0.021–0.665 µg mL−1, respectively. This approach enabled us to quantify porphyrins in flying squirrel hairs at concentrations of 3.6–353.2 µg g−1 with 86.4–98.6% extraction yields. This method provides higher simplicity, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity than other methods used to date, presenting the potential to become the standard technique for porphyrin analysis.

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“…The principle of metal chelation with chemical agents involves the use of suitable chemical agents characterized by a higher complexation tendency towards vanadium and nickel, followed by the possible release from the porphyrin framework [50][51]. A study by Mokhtari and Pourabdollah [52] showed the vanadylporphyrin extraction process, using calix [4]arene, a nano-basket dicarboxylic acid.…”

Section: ■ Removal Of Metallic Porphyrins From Crude Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin, Physicochemical Properties, and Removal Technology of Metallic Porphyrins from Crude Oils

et al. 2021

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Crude oil is an indispensable energy feedstock for daily activities, although some amounts of metallic porphyrins components with undesired characteristics have been identified. These constituents are assumed to originate from the geochemical process of chlorophyll and heme derivatives. In addition, their chemical structures have been thoroughly characterized using spectroscopy techniques, while several analytical methods were adopted in the detection and concentration quantification in the crude oils. The metallic porphyrins have several demerits, including the deactivation of used catalysts, contamination of the treated petrochemical products, and corrosion of the industrial equipment. Also, the removal process is considered challenging due to the strong interaction with the asphaltene fraction of crude oil. This review article, therefore, provides brief information on the origin, physicochemical properties, and possible removal technology of metallic porphyrins from crude oil samples. Besides, a better understanding of chemistry contributes a useful insight towards the development and establishment of better futuristic processing technology.

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Chemistry of porphyrins in fossil plants and animals

Abstract: Porphyrin derivatives such as heme, which is present in blood, and chlorophylls found in plants and bacteria, are complexes of high chemical stability which can survive hundreds of millions of years. Examples from the fossil record are highlighted.

Cited by 41 publications

References 50 publications

Fur glowing under ultraviolet: in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals

Fur glowing under ultraviolet: in situ analysis of porphyrin accumulation in the skin appendages of mammals

Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

The Origin, Physicochemical Properties, and Removal Technology of Metallic Porphyrins from Crude Oils

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