Chemistry of Hydrocracking

Kinetics for hydrocracking based on structural classes: Model development and application

“…Classical hydrocracking catalysts are bifunctional, that is, contain a hydrogenation function on an acidic carrier. The balance between hydrogenation and acid function determines strongly whether acid or metal catalyzed reactions predominate and, thus, determine the nature of the products formed (Langlois and Sullivan, 1971;Degnan and Kennedy, 1993). For a catalyst showing a strong hydrogenation activity, the reactions occurring on the acid sites will be rate determining.…”

Hydrocracking: A Review

“…The effluent stream from hydrocracking of n-paraffin contains only a small quantity of isoparaffin products with the same molecular weight as the reactant. This appears reasonable as the isoparaffin formed may readily undergo subsequent reaction (156).…”

“…Langlois and Sullivan (156) have reviewed the chemistry of hydrocracking. When the reactants are paraffins, cycloparaffins, and/or alkylaromatics, the products obtained from both hydrocracking and catalytic cracking are similar, but when the reactant is polycyclic aromatics wide difference in the product from these two refining processes are obtained.…”

“…The reactions of paraffin hydrocracking have been studied extensively (9, 14, 24, 72, 73, 75b, 97, 115, 155, 223, 227, 256, 257, 260). Carbon-carbon bond cleavage, hydrogen transfer, hydrogenation-dehydrogenation, isomerization, disproportionation, and cyclization are the reactions that can take place with a varying degree of importance (156). Extensive catalytic cracking followed by hydrogenation to form isoparaffins appears to be the primary reaction of the paraffins (301).…”

Continuous lumping model for simulation of hydrocracking

“…Moreover, the yield distribution function is a novel skewed-Gaussian type formulated to describe the yield and selectivity of the hydrocracking components (stoichiometry). The function has been developed from experimental data on the yield patterns of the hydrocracking of various model compounds reported in the literature (Sullivar, et al, 1964;Langlois and Sullivan, 1969;Coonradt and Garwood, 1964;Liguras and Allen, 1989). Thus, the yield distribution function and the model structure, along with the solution methodology, are suitable for reasonably depicting the hydrocracking of any complex petroleum reaction mixture.…”