Chemistry of groundwater from mud volcanoes in parts of Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Musa, Ojochenemi K.; Kurowska, E.; Schoeneich, Krzysztof; Alagbe, S. A.

doi:10.1007/s12665-015-4500-x

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the study area, which covers the land of mud volcanoes occurrence to the north-west, west, and southwest of Kaltungo inlier, only the Bima Sandstone, Yolde, and Pindiga Formations were found and mapped (Benkhelil 1985, Guiraud 1989, Musa et al 2015. The geology of the area is shown on the map in Figure 3.…”

Section: Fig 2 Lithostratigraphic Subdivision Of the Upper Benue Basi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This author described the origin of brines in these areas as enigmatic, issuing from geological formations, deposited in environments transitional between marine and non-marine ones, invariably of about Albian to Cenomanian in age. Furthermore, the Nigerian inland mud volcanoes were first described by Musa et al (2014Musa et al ( , 2015. They reported that the mud volcanoes are located within Cretaceous Upper Benue Trough, filled with Early Cretaceous continental deposits and Late Cretaceous marine deposits, having a history of magmatism dating from Albian to Pleistocene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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X-ray diffraction studies of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Musa

Kurowska

Krzykawski

et al. 2021

geol

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The mineralogical studies of clay from the onshore mud volcanoes discovered in parts of the Upper Benue Trough of Nigeria provide a clue about the geological formation from which the extruded mud originates. The study area is a part of the Cretaceous Upper Benue Trough filled with Early Cretaceous continental deposits and Late Cretaceous marine deposits, having a history of magmatism dating from the Albian to the Pleistocene. The study approach involves integrated inorganic geochemical analysis of the samples to reveal their composition and origin. The results of XRD analysis of the fresh clays from the mud volcano revealed the presence of quartz, kaolinite, and other clay minerals (illite-smectite), feldspars, and in much lower quantities, other accessory minerals including muscovite, evaporites, calcite and dolomite, trona, barite, goethite. The saprolite samples are composed mainly of quartz, kaolinite, smectite-illite associations, and feldspars, traces of goethite, calcite, and evaporate minerals (sylvite, halite). The presence of calcite, dolomite, sylvite, and halite suggests the marine origin of the rocks, while trona mineral is a non-marine evaporate. The coexistence of these minerals in some of the analyzed samples suggests the deposition of sediments in a transitional environment of deposition. Traces of marine minerals are present in some of the samples but completely absent in others collected from another site. This suggests that the source rock formations from which the material originated are within the Upper Bima Sandstone interpreted as being deposited in a non-marine environment or the Yolde Formation, which is known as a transitional unit (transitional between the outcropping continental Upper Bima Sandstone and marine Pindiga Formation).

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Section: Fig 2 Lithostratigraphic Subdivision Of the Upper Benue Basi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

X-ray diffraction studies of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Musa

Kurowska

Krzykawski

et al. 2021

geol

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“…Such groups have been termed "mud volcano fields" (Musa et al 2014). The onshore mud volcanoes found in parts of the Upper Benue Trough do not contain oil or gases but fresh or, in most cases, highly mineralised water (Musa et al 2015) (Plates 3 to 9). In other countries such as India (Chaudhuri et al 2012; http://mudvolcanoes.weebly.com/baratang-island-mudvolcano-india.html), Venezuela (Aslan et al 2001;Duerto, McClay 2002), Trinidad and Tobago (Knight et al 2002), Mongolia (Rukavičková, Hanžl 2008) Brought and USA (California), (Rudolph, Manga 2010) there are onshore mud volcanoes substantially similar to those discovered in Nigeria in terms of their height, shape, size and mud flow from the crater.…”

Section: Characteristics and Proposed Origin Of Onshore Mud Volcanoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic control on the distribution of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria.

Musa¹,

Kurowska²,

Schoeneich³

et al. 2016

Contemporary Trends in Geoscience

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Onshore mud volcanoes are rare geological phenomena, which in Nigeria were reported for the first time few years ago in the Upper Benue Trough. In this study a detail geological mapping of the area of mud volcanoes occurrence was carried out, with the primary aim of defining their relationship, if any, to the structural geology there. The systematic field reconnaissance included field observations of the structural features, as well as analysis of the location and distribution of the onshore mud volcanoes, marking their locations on the topographic and geological maps, analysis of the aerial photographs and satellite images. The study area covered the central part of the Upper Benue Trough where the onshore mud volcanoes were found. The study area is the part of a sedimentary basin comprising Cretaceous clastic rocks that have been deformed intensively by a network of faults often embedded in the underlying Precambrian basement. This network of faults underwent a rejuvenation period from the Aptian to the Palaeocene. The most prominent tectonic structure in the study area is the NE -SW trending Kaltungo Fault Zone, however, there are other minor faults with N -S and NW -SE trends. This study shows that the mud volcanoes found in the study area are usually located near or within fault zones, within the outcropping Upper Cretaceous Yolde Formation and Upper Bima Sandstone, both of which were deformed by the Kaltungo faults, as well as by other minor faults.Worldwide, incidences of onshore mud volcano formation are usually attributed to areas of tectonic activity, rapid sedimentation or hydrocarbon occurrence. In this study, the interpretation of the field observations and mapping results, combined with information on the structural evolution of the study area and seismic pattern (very scarce), have led to the conclusion that the location of onshore mud volcanoes in the Upper Benue Trough, being located along the fault zones, is structurally controlled. The close relationship between mud volcano location and the structural framework of the area may be interpreted as one of several possible subsurface geological responses to present tectonic activity.

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Chemistry of groundwater from mud volcanoes in parts of Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

X-ray diffraction studies of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

X-ray diffraction studies of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria

Tectonic control on the distribution of onshore mud volcanoes in parts of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria.

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