Chemistry in Confinement: Copper and Palladium Catalyzed Ecofriendly Organic Transformations within Porous Frameworks

Abstract

A concise account on the use of transition metals copper (Cu) and palladium (Pd), as their cations as well as nanoparticles exchanged/immobilized onto porous frameworks such as zeolites, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic polymers (COPs) and hollow nanostructures, functioning as catalysts in organic synthesis is presented. This biomimetic account, "focusing on catalytic systems in confinement" within zero-dimensional microenvironments and second sphere coordination covers primarily results from our group on N-sulfonylketenimine mediated cycloaddition, hydrogenation and C-C bond forming reactions, thus providing an interesting insight into the versatility and utility of these Cu and Pd catalysts. Other significant advantages and green credentials of confinement such as stability, selectivity, reusability, promotion of multicomponent reactions, use of green solvents, atom economy, and use of ambient conditions are highlighted at appropriate places. In the final section, our views on the current achievements and the future prospects in this area are summarized.

The art of compartment design for synthetic catalysts

“…The increased levels of control that nanoscale compartments offer are the next step toward achieving biomimetic systems. Confined systems have been reviewed extensively in the literature, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] therefore, we will only try to elucidate the main design principles at work in confinement chemistry. In this perspective, we will cover a set of unique catalysts in different types of confined environments and comment on how these systems are designed before providing suggestions regarding the utility of confinement.…”

Trends and Prospects in UiO‐66 Metal‐Organic Framework for CO2 Capture, Separation, and Conversion

“…The topology, acidity, and stability of zeolites and metal‐oxides have a crucial role in catalysis [6–14] . These characteristics, along with promising CO 2 capture and separation performances, are found in an emerging class of advanced porous materials, MOFs [15–18] …”