Chemistry, Cycling, and Potential Movement of Inorganic Phosphorus in Soils

Pierzynski, Gary M.; McDowell, R. W.; Sims, J. T.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr46.c3

Cited by 99 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…The common way to characterize P fractions in soils is by sequential extraction. A variety of fractionation schemes have been developed to determine inorganic and organic P forms (Pierzynski and McDowell, 2005). Among those, the Hedley fractionation became the preeminent measure for estimating biological availability of P in soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing mechanisms underlying the Hedley sequential phosphorus extraction of soils

Klotzbücher

Kaiser

Klotzbücher

et al. 2019

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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The Hedley fractionation has become the preeminent measure for estimating the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in soils. However, mechanisms underlying P extractability have never been tested. We hypothesize that P sequentially extracted by individual steps can either be referred to a specific mineral source (Hypothesis 1) or to its binding strength to minerals (Hypothesis 2). We prepared mineral‐P associations in the laboratory using various secondary mineral phases and P forms (orthophosphate, phytic acid, ribonucleic acid), which were then subject to the Hedley sequential extraction scheme (anion exchange resin in H CO3 - form, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 1 M HCl, and concentrated HCl at 80°C). Extracts were analyzed for P as well as for the main mineral‐borne elements by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES). In order to test if the observed mineral dissolution patterns match those of natural soils, we applied the Hedley fractionation to forest soils comprising various P stocks and measured in addition to extracted P also iron, aluminum, and calcium by ICP–OES. Phosphorus extractability from mineral‐P associations differed between P forms and mineral phases. Adsorbed P always contributed to several or all extracts, Hypothesis 1 was thus not tenable. Aluminum hydroxide, allophane, ferrihydrite, and goethite completely dissolved during Hedley fractionation from the third extraction step onwards. Successive mineral dissolution also occurred for the soil samples. Thus, extracted P represents partly desorbed P from various soil constituents and partly P co‐released upon dissolution of various minerals. Consequently, also Hypothesis 2 could not be confirmed, i.e., the sequential extraction is not suitable to assess different binding strengths between P forms and minerals. We conclude that the method hardly provides information for studies aiming at the mechanistic understanding of P bioavailability in soil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing mechanisms underlying the Hedley sequential phosphorus extraction of soils

Klotzbücher

Kaiser

Klotzbücher

et al. 2019

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…Phosphorus in soil can be divided into organic P (bonded to C in some way) and inorganic P Pierzynski et al, 2005 Phosphonates differ from other organic P forms because they have a direct C-P bond (not an ester bond through O). These have the structure RP(O)(OH) 2 and include 2-aminoethyl phosphonic acid (AEP), antibiotics such as fosfomycin, and agricultural chemicals such as the herbicide glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Soils from 2005 to 2013: A Review of Sample Preparation and Experimental Parameters

Cade-Menun

Liu

2013

Soil Science Society of America Journal

214

156

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“…For arable soils of Germany, P extracted either by double lactate (DL; Egner & Riehm, 1955) or calciumacetate lactate (CAL; Schüller, 1969) is recommended to assess plant-available forms. Sequential extraction procedures are used to differentiate P into fractions of different availability (Pierzynski et al, 2005). The fractionation scheme of Hedley et al (1982) has been widely used to study biogeochemical P cycling (Cross & Schlesinger, 1995), as well as the effects of land use and management systems on soil P (Negassa & Leinweber, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus fractions in bulk subsoil and its biopore systems

Barej

Pätzold

Perkons

et al. 2014

European J Soil Science

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Summary Improving phosphorus (P) accessibility in subsoils could be a key factor for sustainable crop management. This study aims to explain the quantity of different P fractions in subsoil and its biopore systems, and to test the hypothesis that crops with either fibrous (fescue) or tap‐root systems (lucerne and chicory) leave behind a characteristic P pattern in bulk subsoil, biopore linings and the rhizosphere. The crops were cultivated for up to 3 years in a randomized field experiment on a Haplic Luvisol developed from loess. Aqua regia‐extractable P (referred to as total P) and calcium acetate lactate‐extractable P (PCAL) were assessed at 0–30 (Ap horizon), 30–45 (E/B horizon), 45–75 and 75–105 cm subsoil depths. In addition, sequential P fractionation was performed on different soil compartments between 45 and 75 cm depths. The results showed that total P stocks below the Ap horizon (30–105 cm) amounted to 5.6 t ha−1, which was twice as large as in the Ap, although the Ap contained larger portions of PCAL. Both PCAL and sequential P extractions showed that biopore linings and the rhizosphere at the 45–75 cm depth were enriched, rather than depleted, in P. The content of inorganic P (81–90% of total P) increased in the following order: bulk soil = biopores <2 mm ≤ rhizosphere ≤ biopores >2 mm. Biopores >2 mm and rhizosphere soil were clearly enriched in resin‐ and NaHCO3‐extractable Pi and Po fractions. However, we failed to attribute these P distribution patterns to different crops, suggesting that major properties of biopore P originated from relict biopores, rather than being influenced by recent root systems. The stocks of the sum of these P fractions in the bulk subsoil (182 kg ha−1 at 45–75 cm depth) far exceeded those in the biopores (3.7 kg ha−1 in biopores >2 mm and 0.2 kg ha−1 in biopores <2 mm). Hence, these biopores may form attractive locations for root growth into the subsoil but are unlikely to sustain overall plant nutrition.

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Chemistry, Cycling, and Potential Movement of Inorganic Phosphorus in Soils

Cited by 99 publications

References 99 publications

Testing mechanisms underlying the Hedley sequential phosphorus extraction of soils

Testing mechanisms underlying the Hedley sequential phosphorus extraction of soils

Solution Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Soils from 2005 to 2013: A Review of Sample Preparation and Experimental Parameters

Phosphorus fractions in bulk subsoil and its biopore systems

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