Chemistry challenges to enable a sustainable bioeconomy

Fitzgerald, Nichole

doi:10.1038/s41570-017-0080

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Lignin is an abundant biopolymer that has an important role to play in the future of bio‐refineries ,. However, the valorization of lignin remains a challenge due to its complex structure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lignin is an abundant biopolymer that has an important role to play in the future of bio-refineries. [1,2] However, the valorization of lignin remains a challenge due to its complex structure. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Its inherent heterogeneity is a result of at least three contributing factors: i) Lignin is made up of variable amounts of 3 possible C9 monomers (H, G, and S, Figure 1A); ii) different types of linkages are formed by coupling of the C9 monomers, the most abundant of which is the β-O-4 linkage ( Figure 1B); iii) Lignin has considerably higher variation in chain lengths compared to standard polymers leading to a high polydispersity (2.0-9.0 depending on the source and pretreatment method used, Figure 1C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using Fractionation and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy to Study Lignin Molecular Weight.

et al. 2019

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Recent reports demonstrate that applications of the biopolymer lignin can be helped by the use of a fraction of the lignin which has an optimal molecular weight range. Unfortunately, the current methods used to determine lignin's molecular weight are inconsistent or not widely accessible. Here, an approach that relies on 2D DOSY NMR analysis is described that provides a measure of lignin's molecular weight. Consistent results were obtained using this well‐established NMR technique across a range of lignins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Fractionation and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy to Study Lignin Molecular Weight.

et al. 2019

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“…Due to its chemical structure, lignin could serve as a renewable source of aromatic compounds. However, lignocellulosic biorefinery plants commissioned up to date produce pulp, bio-based chemicals, biofuels, electricity, and heat, essentially exploiting the hemicelluloses/cellulose wood fraction and divert the lignin stream to combustion [20]. It is estimated that lignin obtained as a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry is produced at about 50 million tonnes per year globally [21,22].…”

Section: Biotechnological Exploitation Of Lignin From Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, research focused on exploiting this carbon resource is gaining great attention. Actually, valorization of the lignin fraction is hampered by biomass pretreatment and deconstruction strategies, usually affording a material with complex physical properties [20]. Future implementation of lignin biorefinery will require development of new technological approaches for viable conversion of lignin into valuable chemicals.…”

Section: Biotechnological Exploitation Of Lignin From Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carboxylation of Hydroxyaromatic Compounds with HCO3− by Enzyme Catalysis: Recent Advances Open the Perspective for Valorization of Lignin-Derived Aromatics

Tommasi

2019

Catalysts

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This review focuses on recent advances in the field of enzymatic carboxylation reactions of hydroxyaromatic compounds using HCO3− (as a CO2 source) to produce hydroxybenzoic and other phenolic acids in mild conditions with high selectivity and moderate to excellent yield. Nature offers an extensive portfolio of enzymes catalysing reversible decarboxylation of hydroxyaromatic acids, whose equilibrium can be pushed towards the side of the carboxylated products. Extensive structural and mutagenesis studies have allowed recent advances in the understanding of the reaction mechanism of decarboxylase enzymes, ultimately enabling an improved yield and expansion of the scope of the reaction. The topic is of particular relevance today as the scope of the carboxylation reactions can be extended to include lignin-related compounds in view of developing lignin biorefinery technology.

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“…In a bioeconomy biobased products substitute fossil oil-based ones (Fitzgerald, 2017). This makes sense due to the concerns associated with the limitation in fossil resources and environmental impact of fossil-oil based products.…”

Section: Sustainable Chemistry and Circular Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Sustainable Chemistry Contribute to a Circular Economy?

Pleißner

2018

Detritus

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Chemistry challenges to enable a sustainable bioeconomy

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Using Fractionation and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy to Study Lignin Molecular Weight.

Using Fractionation and Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy to Study Lignin Molecular Weight.

Carboxylation of Hydroxyaromatic Compounds with HCO3− by Enzyme Catalysis: Recent Advances Open the Perspective for Valorization of Lignin-Derived Aromatics

How Can Sustainable Chemistry Contribute to a Circular Economy?

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