Chemistry Can Make Strict and Fuzzy Controls for Bio-Systems: DNA Nanoarchitectonics and Cell-Macromolecular Nanoarchitectonics

Komiyama, Makoto; Yoshimoto, Keitaro; Sisido, Masahiko; Ariga, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1246/bcsj.20170156

Cited by 266 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 462 publications

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“…Biological materials with functional gradient designs within interfacial and surface regions are finding increasing use in bioapplications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. These can be inspired by many biomaterials in nature that are reported to be mechanically gradient, such as tree frog toe pads, squid beaks, sandworm jaws [10][11][12][13], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Magnetically-Actuated Functional Gradient Nanocomposites

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Magnetically-actuated functional gradient nanocomposites can be locally modulated to generate unprecedented mechanical gradients that can be applied to various interfaces and surfaces through following the design principles of natural biological materials. However, a key question is how to modulate the concentration of magnetic particles using an external magnetic field. Here, we propose a model to obtain the gradient concentration distribution of magnetic particles and mechanical gradients. The results show that three states exist when the magnetic force changes in the z direction, including the unchanging state, the stable gradient state, and the over-accumulation state, which are consistent with experiment results. If both radial and axial magnetic forces are present, the inhomogeneity of magnetic-particle distribution in two dimensions was found to break the functional gradient. Furthermore, the size effects of a functional gradient sample were studied, which indicated that adjusting the magnetic force and diffusion constant would enable larger nanocomposites samples to generate functional gradients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Magnetically-Actuated Functional Gradient Nanocomposites

et al. 2017

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“…Within the wide range of applications in nanoarchitectonics, one promising field is the controlled topical drug delivery by specifically tailored nanoparticles [34,35]. It is widely accepted that the topical use of chitosan nanoparticles may improve drug bioavailability by prolonging the residence time of drugs applied [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Coating on Silica-Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate for Dental Applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Chitosan is a cationic natural polymer that is widely used as a topical dressing in wound management. Temporary coatings of removable denture bases with chitosan might be useful as supportive treatment in oral medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze the thickness, uniformity, and adhesive strength of chitosan coatings on simulated denture bases made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). According to a standardized protocol, 20 PMMA cylinders (13 mm diameter, 5 mm in height) as well as 20 cubes (a = 25 mm) with intaglio U-shaped profiles were manufactured to simulate average sized alveolar ridges. Cylinders as well as cubes were divided into four test series with n = 5 each. After sandblasting with silica-modified alumina, one frontal surface of the PMMA cylinders and the intaglio surfaces of the U-shaped profiles was coated with chitosan acetate solution according to the following protocols: one layer of 2% chitosan acetate solution (test series I), one layer of 4% chitosan acetate solution (test series II), two layers of 2% chitosan acetate solution (test series III), and two layers of 4% chitosan acetate solution (test series IV). After drying and neutralization with NaOH, each cube was cut transversely and the coating thickness across the U-shaped profile assessed with a light microscope. Adhesive strength was evaluated by simulated tooth brushing and the loss of chitosan coating was evaluated qualitatively. Statistical analysis used Friedman ANOVA test for dependent samples and Kruskal-Wallis test for independent samples, post-hoc Dunn's test (p < 0.05), and binomial test (p = 0.05). The mean chitosan coating thicknesses in the depth of the U-profiles were 71 µm (test series I), 77 µm (test series II), 121 µm (test series III), and 517 µm (test series VI). The thickness continuously decreased with rising angulation of the U-profile side walls. In test series I, the chitosan coating thickness significantly dropped above a 30 • angulation of the U-profile side walls. In test series II to IV, the chitosan thickness drop was not statistically significant at angulations of 30 • and 60 • , but was at 90 • angulation of the U-profile side walls. Adhesion strength was rated fair to good and did not differ significantly among the four test series. The coating technique described revealed chitosan layers with overall good adhesion strength but differing thicknesses. Coatings with one or two layers of 4% chitosan acetate solution allowed a relatively uniform chitosan thickness and thus might be usable in oral medicine.

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“…Recently, DNA has attracted much interest as a useful and eminent constituent in biotechnology, medicine, and nanotechnology . Accordingly, the quantitative detection of DNA (and RNA) is one of the most fundamental and essential technologies .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The staining efficiency of cyanine dyes for single‐stranded DNA is enormously dependent on nucleotide composition

et al. 2019

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The staining of nucleic acids with fluorescent dyes is one of the most fundamental technologies in relevant areas of science. For reliable and quantitative analysis, the staining efficiency of the dyes should not be very dependent on the sequences of the specimens. However, this assumption has not necessarily been confirmed by experimental results, especially in the staining of ssDNA (and RNA). In this study, we found that both SYBR Green II and SYBR Gold did not stain either homopyrimidines or ssDNA composed of only adenine (A) and cytosine (C). However, these two dyes emit strong fluorescence when the ssDNA contains both guanine (G) and C (and/or both A and thymine (T)) and form potential Watson‐Crick base pairs. Interestingly, SYBR Gold, but not SYBR Green II, strongly stains ssDNA consisting of G and A (or G and T). Additionally, we found that the secondary structure of ssDNA may play an important role in DNA staining. To obtain reliable results for practical applications, sufficient care must be paid to the composition and sequence of ssDNA.

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Chemistry Can Make Strict and Fuzzy Controls for Bio-Systems: DNA Nanoarchitectonics and Cell-Macromolecular Nanoarchitectonics

Cited by 266 publications

References 462 publications

Simulation of Magnetically-Actuated Functional Gradient Nanocomposites

Simulation of Magnetically-Actuated Functional Gradient Nanocomposites

Chitosan Coating on Silica-Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate for Dental Applications

The staining efficiency of cyanine dyes for single‐stranded DNA is enormously dependent on nucleotide composition

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