Chemistry behind leather: Life Cycle Assessment of nano-hydroxyapatite preparation on the lab-scale for fireproofing applications

Sustainable options for paints through a life cycle assessment method

“…Notably, other studies have carried out LCA analysis increase knowledge about how different chemical formulations can improve environmental sustainability (Ingrao et al, 2021). For instance, the Ecobilan company (1994), hired by the French Ministry of Environment, created the eco-labelling criteria based on the LCI of 11 indoor decorative paints.…”

The contribution of sensor-based equipment to life cycle assessment through improvement of data collection in the industry

“…The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) analysis is recognized to have a central role in A-LCAs (Ekvall et al, 2016) (Ingrao et al, 2021a). This is mainly because its main objective, which can be found often assimilated to the concept of Material Flow Analysis (MFA), is the qualification and quantification of material and energy flows throughout the system investigated (Ingrao et al, 2021b).…”

“…It was done so, because Impact 2002+ is quite suited for the evaluation of the background energyproduction models contained in Ecoinvent. In addition to this, it is characterised by a user-friendly classification between output inventories, and midpoint and endpoint categories, as also schematised by Ingrao et al (2021aIngrao et al ( , 2021b.…”

Cleaner Leather Tanning and Post-Tanning Processes Using Oxidized Alginate as Biodegradable Tanning Agent and Nano-Hydroxyapatite as Potential Flame Retardant

“…Recent studies on hydroxyapatite show its effect on fire resistance and smoke suppression of polyurethane fire-retardant coating [ 43 , 44 ]. Novel bio-based flame-retardant composites containing nano-HAp have been recently synthetized [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Although hydroxyapatite has been used for imparting flame retardancy to several polymers it has never been tested as leather flame retardant.…”

“…Utilizing a variety of analytical techniques, the different levels of collagen structure in hide biomatrix and leather chemical matrix were targeted. At the mesoscopic, macroscopic, and molecular levels, the ability of OSA to interact with collagen and increase its hydrothermal stability has been assessed using the micro-DSC technique, and standard SR EN ISO 3380-2003 method, respectively [ 48 , 49 ]. The oxidation reactions on the -OH groups at the C-2 and C-3 locations of the uronic units of sodium alginate have been identified using the FTIR-ATR technique, and the interaction between nano-HAp and the collagen-OSA matrix has also been demonstrated by FTIR-ATR and SEM-EDS.…”