Chemistry and Technology of Step-Growth Polyesters

Turner, S. Richard; Liu, Y.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53349-4.00143-6

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The 1 H and 13 C { 1 H} NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE 400 spectrometer (400 MHz, Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) at 20 • C. CDCl 3 (D 99.8%, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury, MA, USA) was used as purchased. Polymer solutions for the spectral study were prepared by using 1-2 h of dissolution of polymer samples (15-20 mg) in CDCl 3 (0.7 mL) at 40 • C with stirring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer solutions for the spectral study were prepared by using 1-2 h of dissolution of polymer samples (15-20 mg) in CDCl 3 (0.7 mL) at 40 • C with stirring. The chemical shifts are reported relative to the solvent's residual peaks (δ = 7.26 ppm for 1 H and 77.16 for 13 C { 1 H} NMR spectra).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most polyesters are far behind polyolefins in terms of mechanical properties. However, the product of the polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol, adipic acid (esters), and terephthalic acid (esters)-polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT)-represents a synthetically available biodegradable [11] polyester that can compete with conventional polyolefins in terms of strength and elasticity [3,[12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Branching Agents in the Synthesis of PBAT

et al. 2022

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Biodegradable polyesters represent an advanced alternative to polyolefin plastics in various applications. Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) can compete with polyolefins in terms of their mechanical characteristics and melt processing conditions. The properties of PBAT depend on the molecular weight, dispersity, and architecture of the copolymer. Long-chain branching (LCB) of the PBAT backbone is an efficient method for the improvement of the copolymer characteristics. In the present work, we studied branching agents (BAs) 1–7 of different structures in the two-stage polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol, dimethyl terephthalate, and adipic acid and investigated the composition and melt rheology of the copolymers. According to the results of the research, 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane 2 and 3-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid 5 outperformed glycerol 1 as BAs in terms of shear thinning behavior and viscoelasticity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Branching Agents in the Synthesis of PBAT

et al. 2022

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“…Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) is a naturally transparent, glycol-modified form of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the most widely produced polymer in the world. This thermoformable thermoplastic shares many of the properties of PET [27,28] and is widely used in a broad range of applications [29][30][31]. Due to its mechanical and thermal properties, it is used in 3D printing, gaining a sizable market and becoming the third most used polymer in this field, behind ABS (acetyl-butadiene-styrene) and PLA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Polymer 3D Printed Parts

et al. 2021

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Parts made from thermoplastic polymers fabricated through 3D printing have reduced mechanical properties compared to those fabricated through injection molding. This paper analyzes a post-processing heat treatment aimed at enhancing mechanical properties of 3D printed parts, in order to reduce the difference mentioned above and thus increase their applicability in functional applications. Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) polymer is used to 3D print test parts with 100% infill. After printing, samples are packed in sodium chloride powder and then heat treated at a temperature of 220 °C for 5 to 15 min. During heat treatment, the powder acts as support, preventing deformation of the parts. Results of destructive testing experiments show a significant increase in tensile and compressive strength following heat treatment. Treated parts 3D printed in vertical orientation, usually the weakest, display 143% higher tensile strength compared to a control group, surpassing the tensile strength of untreated parts printed in horizontal orientation—usually the strongest. Furthermore, compressive strength increases by 50% following heat treatment compared to control group. SEM analysis reveals improved internal structure after heat treatment. These results show that the investigated heat treatment increases mechanical characteristics of 3D printed PETG parts, without the downside of severe part deformation, thus reducing the performance gap between 3D printing and injection molding when using common polymers.

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“…The synthesis of PLA can be achieved by different synthetic pathways such as polycondensation of lactic acid [31] or through ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (i.e., the cyclic dimer of lactic acid) [32]. ROP is the adopted synthetic methodology, which allows a carboxylic-end functionalization along with a strict control of the resulting molar mass.…”

Section: Pd-nps Supported Onto Pla Stereocomplexes: Synthesis and Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladium‐Based Catalysts‐Supported onto End‐Functionalized Poly(lactide) for C–C Double and Triple Bond Hydrogenation Reactions

Frediani¹,

Oberhauser²,

Rosi³

et al. 2017

New Advances in Hydrogenation Processes - Fundamentals and Applications

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Poly(lactide) (PLA), which is the polymer that will be discussed in this chapter, was functionalized with nitrogen containing aromatic groups by means ring opening polymerization (ROP) reactions. The obtained macroligands were successfully employed to coordinate Pd(II), which chemoselectively hydrogenated αβ-unsaturated carbonyl compounds to give the saturated counterparts as main product. The catalyst could be easily recycled upon a simple filtration process. End-functionalized isotactic PLA chains were used to generate stereocomplexes, featured by a higher thermal and hydrolytic resistance. The chemical nature of the nitrogen ligand introduced at the chain end of PLA was exploited to stabilize Pdnanoparticles (Pd-NP s) by interactions of the aromatic or nitrogen functionality with the NP s-surface. The polymer-anchored Pd-NP s were generated by a classical approach which comprised the coordination of Pd(II) by the functional group followed by reduction with hydrogen or by the metal vapor synthesis technique. The polymersupported Pd-NP s were successfully applied to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of alkynes to the corresponding alkene and cinnamylalcohol to the corresponding saturated aldehyde. In this book chapter the synthesis and structure-performance relationship of the new hydrogenation catalysts will be discussed.

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Chemistry and Technology of Step-Growth Polyesters

Cited by 12 publications

References 156 publications

The Use of Branching Agents in the Synthesis of PBAT

The Use of Branching Agents in the Synthesis of PBAT

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Polymer 3D Printed Parts

Palladium‐Based Catalysts‐Supported onto End‐Functionalized Poly(lactide) for C–C Double and Triple Bond Hydrogenation Reactions

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