Chemistry and synthesis of major opium alkaloids: a comprehensive review

Interpol Review of Drug Analysis 2019-2022

“…2019 method for determining the traceability of poppy cultivating areas using QuickBird-2 satellite imaging with ERDAS Imagine and eCognition Developer software for image processing and classification [ 445 ]; characterization of poppy seeds using lab-on-a-chip capillary electrophoresis [ 446 ]; UHPLC-MS/MS method to determine the content of porphyroxine and five primary alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine, noscapine, and papaverine) in opium [ 447 ]; determination of morphine content of different preparations of poppy seed tea by HPLC [ 448 ]; HPLC-PDA method for profiling opioid alkaloids in papaver [ 449 ]; purification and product characterization of lipoxygenase from opium poppy cultures (Papaver somniferum L.) [ 450 ]; sensor for opium alkaloids [ 451 ]; stable isotope labeled internal standards for reducing matrix effect in determination of five opium alkaloids by liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ(LIT)-MS/MS) [ 452 ]; 2020 FIA method to rapidly monitor the morphine content of poppy seeds [ 453 ]; 2021 elliptic Fourier transforms, with other morphometric descriptors to describe and identify Papaver setigerum, Papaver Somniferum and other Papaver taxa in order to track opium poppy domestication [ 454 ]; review of the chemistry and synthesis of five major opium alkaloids [ 455 ]; LC coupled with linear trap quadrupole and high-resolution Orbitrap multistage mass spectrometry to characterize 44 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including 22 BIAs in opium poppy latex and roots extracts using collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), and pulsed Q collision-induced dissociation (PQD) MS2 fragmentation [ 456 ]; review of the physiochemical, medicinal and nutraceutical properties of poppy seeds [ 457 ]; dispersive SPE-HPLC method for determination of five opium alkaloids [ 458 ]; investigation the proportions of morphine, thebaine, noscapine, codeine, oripavine and papaverine alkaloids in nine poppy varieties and 36 lines [ 459 ]; 2022 Papaver Somniferum in Kamini [ 460 ]; machine learning to predict missing link enzymes of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in Papaver Somniferum [ 461 ].…”

Opium alkaloids, biosynthesis, pharmacology and association with cancer occurrence

“…From ancient times researchers have been using many techniques for the separation of alkaloids so that they can be used for medicinal purposes. It reveals that opium alkaloid can be used in the drug industry to cure analgesic, microbial, inflammatory and neurological ailments [ 10 ]. On other hand, various studies suggest that opioids affect the brain's reward function by altering the molecular and neural pathways of brain.…”

Synthesis of α-aminophosphorous derivatives using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) in a dual role

“…16a-c It has been reported that they show promise when utilized in applications such as peptidomimetics, enzyme inhibitors, pharmacogenic agents, antibiotics, antihypertensives, antitumor agents, antiviral species, anti-metabolites, and herbicides. 17,18a-e The synthesis of α-aminophosphonates through Kabachnik-Fields condensation has been performed using a variety of Lewis acids such as metal salts like Mg (ClO 4 ) 2 , 19 GaI 2 , 20 LiClO 4 , 21 and metal triflates (M(OTf ) n , M = Li, Mg, Al, Cu, Ce, Yb, Sm, Sc, La) 22,23 as well as Brønsted acids such as hypophosphorous acid, 24 sulfamic acid, 25 and oxalic acid. 26 However, these conventional methods have several drawbacks, such as long reaction times, high reaction temperatures, low yields of products, and the use of hazardous reagents and solvents.…”