Chemistry and Practical Application of Dipyrromethene Ligands, Salts, and Coordination Compounds as Optical Sensors for Analytes of Various Nature (A Review)
“…active laser media [7][8][9]. It is also known that dipyrromethene complexes are used as active media for fluorescent markers and probes [10][11][12]. Moreover, derivatives of dipyrromethene complexes are potential sensors for detection of metal ions such as Pb(II), Hg(II), Pt(II) and gases in an air mixture (COCl2,CO2, COS, SO2 and SO3) [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Initially, the alkyl substituted complexes of BF 2 -dipyrromethenes with high fluorescence and stimulated emission yields in a wide spectral range were synthesized for use as active laser media [7][8][9]. It is also known that dipyrromethene complexes are used as active media for fluorescent markers and probes [10][11][12]. Moreover, derivatives of dipyrromethene complexes are potential sensors for detection of metal ions such as Pb(II),…”
This article compares spectroscopic properties of the series of dipyrromethene dyes, namely their complexes of boron (III), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with the halogenated ligands of the same structure. Absorption and emission spectra, lifetimes of long-lived emission and quantum yields of luminescence were studied as the functions of molecular structure of dipyrromethene complexes. The role of the position and nature of a substituent in a ligand, polarity of a solvent and temperature of media were also investigated. The studies demonstrate that replacing the central atom boron(III) by zinc(II) decreases the fluorescence quantum yield, indicating the increased role of non-radiative processes in excitation energy deactivations such as intersystem crossings. In addition, according to the heavy atom effect, the efficiency of intersystem crossings in halogen-substituted zinc(II) and cadmium(II) dipyrromethene complexes is higher than in the corresponding boron fluoride dipyrromethenes (BODIPY), which leads to increase in phosphorescence at low temperatures (frozen solutions). The obtained results make it possible to carry out further investigations of potential sensory properties that are required for systematic use of halogenated dipyrromethene complexes for the creation of modern optical oxygen sensors and singlet oxygen photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy or photocatalytic oxidative reactions.
“…active laser media [7][8][9]. It is also known that dipyrromethene complexes are used as active media for fluorescent markers and probes [10][11][12]. Moreover, derivatives of dipyrromethene complexes are potential sensors for detection of metal ions such as Pb(II), Hg(II), Pt(II) and gases in an air mixture (COCl2,CO2, COS, SO2 and SO3) [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Initially, the alkyl substituted complexes of BF 2 -dipyrromethenes with high fluorescence and stimulated emission yields in a wide spectral range were synthesized for use as active laser media [7][8][9]. It is also known that dipyrromethene complexes are used as active media for fluorescent markers and probes [10][11][12]. Moreover, derivatives of dipyrromethene complexes are potential sensors for detection of metal ions such as Pb(II),…”
This article compares spectroscopic properties of the series of dipyrromethene dyes, namely their complexes of boron (III), zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with the halogenated ligands of the same structure. Absorption and emission spectra, lifetimes of long-lived emission and quantum yields of luminescence were studied as the functions of molecular structure of dipyrromethene complexes. The role of the position and nature of a substituent in a ligand, polarity of a solvent and temperature of media were also investigated. The studies demonstrate that replacing the central atom boron(III) by zinc(II) decreases the fluorescence quantum yield, indicating the increased role of non-radiative processes in excitation energy deactivations such as intersystem crossings. In addition, according to the heavy atom effect, the efficiency of intersystem crossings in halogen-substituted zinc(II) and cadmium(II) dipyrromethene complexes is higher than in the corresponding boron fluoride dipyrromethenes (BODIPY), which leads to increase in phosphorescence at low temperatures (frozen solutions). The obtained results make it possible to carry out further investigations of potential sensory properties that are required for systematic use of halogenated dipyrromethene complexes for the creation of modern optical oxygen sensors and singlet oxygen photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy or photocatalytic oxidative reactions.
Two π‐extended derivatives of boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) – unsymmetrical benzo[b]‐fused BODIPY 1 and symmetrical naptho[b]‐fused BODIPY 2 – were synthesized. Spectroscopic and photophysical properties of the synthesized fluorescent dyes were investigated in various organic media. Both BODIPY 1 and BODIPY 2 distinguished by bathochromically shifted absorption and emission bands compared to their non‐fused derivatives, while possessing green (526 – 543 nm) and red (664 – 708 nm) absorbance and fluorescence, respectively. Spectral characteristics of the investigated fluorescent dyes were found to be weakly depended on solvent polarizability in case of BODIPY 1 and greatly influenced by both solvent polarizability and dipolarity in case of BODIPY 2. Quantum chemical calculations were used to clarify the relationships between geometry/electronic structure and spectral properties/solvatochromic behavior of BODIPY 1 and BODIPY 2.
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