Chemistry and Physiology of Mitochondria and Microsomes

Lindberg, Olle R.; Ernster, Lars

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-26542-0

Cited by 35 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 245 publications

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“…We may thus have a mixed population of mitochondria, that is, long mitochondria between a number of fibrils, and small or intermediate sized mitochondria between the adjacent individual fibrils. Similar observations have been reported by others (Lindberg and Ernster, 1954). In the flight muscles of higher insects mitochondria of two different densities are often observed.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Edwards

Rüska

Santos

et al. 1956

The Journal of Cell Biology

100

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1. The structure and distribution of the components of striated muscle cells vary with the species and with the specialization of muscle fiber function. 2. There appear to be two, easily distinguishable, general categories of striated muscle structure. A. High frequency muscle (represented by flight muscle of higher insects and hummingbird, and cicada tympanal muscle) is characterized by widely spaced, non-branching fibrils of large diameter and short period, little endoplasmic reticulum, and large quantities of large mitochondria (low fibril-sarcoplasm ratio). This structure is correlated with heavy tracheolization or vascularization, high oxidative activity, and dark color as compared with other muscles of the same species. B. Low frequency muscle is characterized, in general, by high fibril-sarcoplasm ratio, relatively long period, few mitochondria increasing with activity and decreasing with absolute power of the fiber. Oxidative capacity and color are proportional to the quantity of mitochondria. These fibers are further differentiated into (a) fibrillar arrangement of contractile material which permits a regular pattern of interfibrillar and segmental reticulum, and (b) afibrillar arrangement of contractile material leading to an unsystematic distribution of reticulum. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum appears as a complex coordination system in the muscle fiber. Peripherally, it links the Z and M lines of the fibrils to the sarcolemma and between the fibrils it links the cross-bands, forming the Grundmembran of earlier authors. By longitudinal linkage, it connects with the sarcolemma at the muscle extremity to form a digital arrangement into which the tendon fibrils are spliced. The extent of its development and its position have a definite relationship to the degree and site of fiber shortening. At present the reticulum is the only structure that one can consider to be an internal conducting system. It may distribute the excitation transversely from fibril to fibril, and lengthwise saltatorially to the symmetry centers of the sarcomeres. 4. The nucleus is the mediating element between the cytoplasmic phases within and without the tubular system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A possible mechanism which correlates nucleus, adenylic acid system, ion exchange, and reticulum with the initiation of contraction is postulated.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Edwards

Rüska

Santos

et al. 1956

The Journal of Cell Biology

100

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“…However, some of the protein in this fraction (Fig. 14) is also represented by microsomal granules adhering to mitochondrial membranes, probably due to their basophilic nature (33,34). Therefore, the real increase in amount of mitochondrial protein probably lies somewhere between the figures for the two homogenizing solutions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochemical and Cytological Changes Accompanying Growth and Differentiation in the Roots of Zea mays

Lund

Vatter

Hanson

1958

The Journal of Cell Biology

132

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The apical meristem of the root affords an excellent material with which to study changes in cellular components accompanying growth and differentiation. The ontogeny of cytoplasmic particles can be followed, since the younger cells are constantly dividing and reforming new cytoplasm. Electron microscope pictures of these newly formed cells reveal a dense background of microsomal granules and small, thin walled vesicles of the endophsmic retieulum. Two types of mitochondria are noted and, as the cells enlarge, mitochondria regarded as immature can no longer be seen, but only mitochondria with well developed cristae. The development of these cristae was found to be associated with an increase in respiration of the tissue as well as with increased rates of oxidation and phosphorylation of isolated mitochondria. As the cells grow and mature, the mitochondria make up an increasing percentage of the total cytoplasmic protein, and this increase probably a~counts to a great extent for the increase in tissue respiration. Concomitantly, there is a decrease in microsomal granules.All these changes have been verified by electron microscope pictures of cells in situ, chemical analysis of isolated particulates, and metabolic studies of tissue and isolated fractions.

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“…of the procedure of Lien and ~acker {197lb). ATP hydroly~is was detected by the inorganic -8phosphate assay of Martin and Doty (1949); Lindberg and Ernster (1956).…”

Section: Atpci~~~~ncl~ho~opho~rhoryl At Ion Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein-labeled chloroplast coupling factor 1: conformational dynamics and labeling-site characterization

Hartig¹,

Bertrand²,

Sauer³

1977

Biochemistry

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Physical and spectroscopic pr9perties of 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein (5-IAF), a new sulfhydryl-specific fluorescent label, are described. Under certain conditions, 5-IAF labels the chloroplast phosphorylation coupling factor (CF) predominantly on the beta subunit. Approximately 88% of the ATPase activity and over 60% of the ability of CF to reconstitute photophosphorylation are retained after labeling. Trypsin activation of the ATPasc activity of-5-IAF labeled CF dramatically alters the fluorescence properties at the labeling site, indicating its involvement in ATPa~e activation. StL,dics of the fluorescence em•iss•ion spectra, fluol•esc(:nce polarization and potassium iodide quenching of 5-IAF and 5-IAF labelerl CF demonstrate that the label'ing site is in a partially buried hydl•ophob•ic region which is partially accessible to potassium iodide quenching from the solvent phase and v1hich restricts the motion of the fl'lorescent 'label. The fluorescence shows little change upon substrate binding. We conclt;de that the label is located in a cleft region remote fro;n the enzyme 0.ctive site. Variation of the reaction pH bet\-Jeen 6.4 and 8.5 significant 1y nlters the nu:::ber of attoched labels. ATP decr•eases the ex.tent of label'lng over the entire pH range studied. These labeling changes reflect substrate and pH i~duced conformational changes in CF. Certain interdependences obset•vcd in these conformation a 1 changes suggest that the transmeiii!Jrane electrochemical gradient may directly induce conformational changes in CF leading to liet ATP synthesis. Tho y subunit plays a central-role in the expression of these intersubunit conformational changes.

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Chemistry and Physiology of Mitochondria and Microsomes

Cited by 35 publications

References 245 publications

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Comparative Cytophysiology of Striated Muscle With Special Reference to the Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Biochemical and Cytological Changes Accompanying Growth and Differentiation in the Roots of Zea mays

5-Iodoacetamidofluorescein-labeled chloroplast coupling factor 1: conformational dynamics and labeling-site characterization

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