Chemistry and Application of Phenolic Resins

Knop, André; Scheib, Walter

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-11309-7

Cited by 293 publications

(187 citation statements)

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“…21 Currently, it still has a wide range of important applications, e.g., as matrix resin for uses in nanocomposites, 22,23 due to its outstanding characteristics such as flame-resisting, low smoke, and high retention rate of mechanical properties under high temperature. 24 However, while various polymers have been comprehensively investigated as matrices to prepare the CNT-filled nanocomposites, little attention was paid to the relevant research on phenolic resin. In the limited literatures, pristine CNTs, except one case where toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-functionalized MWNTs were used for preparation of the polybenzoxazine (a new class of ring-opening phenolic resin) nanocomposite, 25 were directly mixed with phenolic resin to prepare the nanocomposites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phenolic Resin-MWNT Nanocomposites Prepared through an in situ Polymerization Method

Cui

Yan

Liu

et al. 2008

Polym J

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A simple but effective in situ polymerization method has been developed to prepare phenolic resin-based nanocomposites with pristine or carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as fillers. As revealed by scanning electron microscopy, the nanotubes are well-dispersed in and strongly adhered to the phenolic resin. The resultant nanocomposites have thus obtained the improved thermostabilities. As compared to pristine MWNT-filled nanocomposite, the carboxylated MWNT-filled one has shown more improved thermostability, resulting from the higher dispersion quality of functionalized nanotubes. The related mechanisms have been analyzed qualitatively. To achieve the similar effects, however, more mixing energy should be deposited on the melt mixture in the melt-mixing process. These indicate that phenolic resin-MWNT nanocomposites with high performance may be realized by adoption of pertinent preparation method and moderate functionalized nanotubes.KEY WORDS: Phenolic Resin / MWNT / In situ Polymerization / Nanocomposite / Dispersion Behavior / Thermal Properties / Due to their excellent mechanical property and high aspect ratio, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are increasingly considered to be unique reinforcement fillers for making polymer-based nanocomposites. [1][2][3][4][5][6] In order to achieve strength enhancement as high as possible, homogeneous dispersion of CNTs and strong interaction between CNT and surrounding matrix are generally required.7 However, the pristine nanotubes are usually bundled due to strong van de Waals interactions, thus making their dispersibility in most of polymer matrices rather poor. Otherwise, intrinsically smooth surface and chemical inertness of the nanotubes lead to their weak adhesion to polymer matrix. As a result, the nanocomposites based on simple polymer-pristine nanotube blends prepared by highspeed mixing and/or ultrasonication have shown limited strength enhancement as compared with conventional composites, and their mechanical properties are noticeably below the highly anticipated potential. [7][8][9] To resolve these problems, there is growing research effort in understanding the interface between CNT and matrix. Functionalization of CNTs, which permits directly tailoring of the chemical and physical properties of nanotubes according to their specific applications, is envisaged as an ideal cut-in point and has therefore been extensively investigated.10-15 Strength enhancement of the functionalized nanotube-filled nanocomposites was generally achieved. However, these functionalization techniques more or less rely on wet chemistry. Toxicity of chemicals and damage to nanotubes are issues which must be addressed. Comparatively, it may be easier and more direct as well as environment friendly for a given polymer matrix to prepare its nanocomposites by adopting a pertinent preparation method. At least, as having been proven, it is feasible for certain polymer matrix. 8,[16][17][18][19][20] In this work, taking phenolic resin as a matrix example, we have also addressed this iss...

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confidence: 99%

Phenolic Resin-MWNT Nanocomposites Prepared through an in situ Polymerization Method

Cui

Yan

Liu

et al. 2008

Polym J

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“…A solution containing a phenolic resin Novolak Resinox IV-1058 was initially mixed with an appropriate amount of hexamine as a curing agent to ensure polycondensation between the phenolic resin and formaldehyde take place [60,61]. In order to obtain a solution with a consistent viscosity for coating substrates, the solution as diluted with methanol at a ratio of 1:99 wt %.…”

Section: Membrane Preparation and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate Effect on Carbon/Ceramic Mixed Matrix Membrane Prepared by a Vacuum-Assisted Method for Desalination

et al. 2018

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This work investigates the effect of various membrane substrates and coating conditions on the formation of carbon/ceramic mixed matrix membranes for desalination application. The substrates were impregnated with phenolic resin via a vacuum-assisted method followed by carbonization under an inert gas. Substrates with pore sizes of 100 nm required a single impregnation step only, where short vacuum times (<120 s) resulted in low quality membranes with defects. For vacuum times of ≥120 s, high quality membranes with homogeneous impregnation were prepared leading to high salt rejection (>90%) and high water fluxes (up to 25 L m −2 h −1 ). The increase in water flux as a function of the vacuum time confirms the vacuum etching effect resulting from the vacuum-assisted method. Substrates with pore sizes of 140 nm required two impregnation steps. These pores were too large for the ceramic inter-particle space to be filled with phenolic resin via a single step. In the second impregnation step, increasing the concentration of the phenolic resin resulted in membranes with lower water fluxes. These results indicate that thicker films were formed by increasing the phenolic resin concentration. In the case of substrates with pores of 600 nm, these pores were too large and inter-particle space filling with phenolic resin was not attained.

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“…They are widely used in parts requiring surface strength since heat and pressure can be applied to transform them into heat-resistant materials with high mechanical strength [62][63]. This study does not cover processes involving phenolic binder.…”

Section: Moldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk graphite: materials and manufacturing process

Lee¹,

Kang²,

Roh³

2015

Carbon letters

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Graphite can be classified into natural graphite from mines and artificial graphite. Due to its outstanding properties such as light weight, thermal resistance, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, and high-temperature strength, artificial graphite is used across various industries in powder form and bulk form. Artificial graphite of powder form is usually used as anode materials for secondary cells, while artificial graphite of bulk form is used in steelmaking electrode bars, nuclear reactor moderators, silicon ingots for semiconductors, and manufacturing equipment. This study defines artificial graphite as bulk graphite, and provides an overview of bulk graphite manufacturing, including isotropic and anisotropic materials, molding methods, and heat treatment.

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Chemistry and Application of Phenolic Resins

Cited by 293 publications

References 0 publications

Phenolic Resin-MWNT Nanocomposites Prepared through an in situ Polymerization Method

Phenolic Resin-MWNT Nanocomposites Prepared through an in situ Polymerization Method

Substrate Effect on Carbon/Ceramic Mixed Matrix Membrane Prepared by a Vacuum-Assisted Method for Desalination

Bulk graphite: materials and manufacturing process

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