Chemisorption fibres based on graft copolymers: Fabrication and properties. A review

Abstract

Scientific concepts concerning the characteristics of graft polymerization to oriented polymeric materials and p~lymer-anal~g transf~rmati~ns ~f the graft p~lymer were elab~rated based ~n systematic studies. The principles of fabrication of sorption-active fibre materials Of different ~,pes based on graft copolymers and the most important directions of their use were formulated.The consequences of human technological activity has sharply worsened the environmental situation, making environmental protection an urgent modern problem. One direction in the complex solution of these problems is to develop highly efficient processes for scrubbing of industrial gas-air emissions and cleaning ofwastewaters. Sorption materials, used to prevent further environmental pollution and ensure rational resource management, are playing an important role in the creation of such processes.These materials include chemisorption fibres with a developed specific surface area which is more than one order of magnitude greater than the surface area of granulated sorbents. A comparison of the geometric surface area of fbres and granules gives an idea of the advantage of fibre sorbents over granulated sorbents, manifested by a higher rate of chemisorpticn and greater completeness of removal. In addition, the variety of forms of use of fibre sorbents favors the rational organization of technological processes.The analysis of the scientific and technical literature on fabrication of chemisorption fibres revealed the following methods:-spinning of fbres from blends of fibre-forming polymers with nonfibre-forming polymers containing ionogenic groups;-synthesis of fibre-forming copolymers containing functionally active groups and fabrication of fibres from them; -incorporation of functionally active groups in the fibre via reactions in the polymer chains; -modification of fibres by graft polymerization of ionogenic and nonionogenic monomers with subsequent polymeranalog transformations of the graft chains.Spinning of chemisorption fibres from polymer blends is a relatively simple method. However, the difficulties of obtaining stable spinning solutions from blends of fibre-forming and nonfibre-forming polymers and the possibility of washing out the sorption-active component of the fibre make it necessary to conduct an additional operation of formation of a threedimensional spatial network in the fibre [1,2]. Moreover, this method can be used together with other variants for production of sorption-active materials.The method of spinning fibre chemisorbents from copolymers with chemically active groups in the main chain has been widely used in fabrication of chemisorption fibres of the VION group [3,4]. In this case, acrylonitrile is usually usedas the fibre-forming component, and the composition of the ionogenic comonomers responsible for incorporation of sorptionactive groups in the structure of the fibre is relatively varied. This concerns methylvinylpyridine (MVP), vinylimidazole, sodium p-styrenesulfonate, and others [3,[5][6][7][8]. The fibres...

Specific features of amination of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) chains grafted onto polypropylene fibers

“…In addition, it was found that the degree of conversion of epoxy rings decreased with an increase in the degree of GMA graft polymerization [4][5][6][7][8]. These facts were also attributed to the effect of steric factors [8].…”

“…Experiments on amination of PGMA chains grafted onto the surface of polymer fi bers by reactions of these chains with aliphatic polyamines also showed that the density of the incorporated amino groups decreased with an increase in the length of the reacting polyamine molecule [4][5][6][7][8]. In addition, it was found that the degree of conversion of epoxy rings decreased with an increase in the degree of GMA graft polymerization [4][5][6][7][8].…”

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Amination with diethylenetriamine of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) chains grafted onto polypropylene fi bers by the radiation-chemical procedure was studied.Adsorbents containing amino groups show high selectivity and performance in preconcentration and selective recovery of heavy metal ions from multicomponent solutions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. A widely used route to amine-containing adsorbents is amination of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) as a component of polymeric matrix, or of PGMA chains grafted onto the surface of polymer fi bers of various chemical structures.

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Mathematical Description of the Kinetics of the Heterophase Macromolecular Reaction of Hydrazidation of Grafted Polyglycidyl Methacrylate

“…Among the known ways to obtain chemisorption fibers, the method based on the graft polymerization and chemical transformation in the polymer chains is the most promising [3]. This is because modification of a finished fiber is a simpler technological process, compared with that in which fibrous chemisorbents are obtained by synthesis of copolymers with functionally active groups and then fibers are formed.…”

Production of carboxyl-containing derivatives of polymethyl methacrylate and polycaproamide graft copolymer

“…Methods based on graft polymerization of ionogenic monomers to fibrous materials and polymer-analog transformations of graft copolymers are especially effective. The use of these methods allowed developing the principles of technology for fibrous complexes of different functional composition [6][7][8]. The positive experience in obtaining amine-containing chemisorbents from graft copolymers with polyglycidyl methacrylate (PGMA) makes the use of graft copolymers of polycaproamide and polymethyl methacrylate (PCA-PMMA) attractive for fabricating fibrous sorbents of acid character.…”