Chemisorption as the essential step in electrochemical energy conversion - Review

Abstract

<p class="PaperAbstract">Growing world population and energy demands have placed energy conversion and storage into the very centre of modern research. Electrochemical energy conversion systems including batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors, are widely considered as the next generation power sources. Even though they rely on different mechanisms of energy conversion and storage, fundamentally these are all electrochemical cells, operating through processes taking place at the solid/liquid interfaces, i.e. electrodes. Considering the interfacial nature of electrodes, it is clear that adsorption phenomena cannot be neglected when considering electrochemical systems. More than that, they are of crucial importance for electrochemical processes and represent an essential step in electrochemical energy conversion. In this contribution we give an overview of the phenomena underlying the operation of sustainable metal-ion batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors, ranging from electrocatalytic reactions and pseudo-faradaic processes to purely adsorptive processes, emphasizing the types, roles and significance of chemisorption. We review experimental and theoretical methods which can provide information about chemisorption in the mentioned systems, stressing the importance of combining both approaches.</p>

Substrate‐Adatom Interface Engineering of Transition Metal Decorated Boron‐Doped Graphene Sheet for Enhanced Adsorption of Xe and Kr – A Systematic Ab initio Study

“…This would have resulted in such a drastic reduction in E ads . These findings are justified by the earlier observation; [68,69] binding energy of CO and NO on Pt cluster (Pt x ) decreases as cluster size increases. Large clusters (x > 10) become less sensitive to CO and NO and show similar binding parameters of densely packed Pt(111) surface.…”

Challenges and doubts of electrochemical energy conversion and storage

“…Izazovi su ponajpre vezani za dalje unapređenje i razvoj, posebno onih sistema koji trenutno, i pored očiglednih prednosti, još uvek nemaju široku upotrebu, bilo zbog svoje cene, ili ograničenosti kapaciteta i specifične snage i/ili specifične energije, da bi se mogli šire koristiti. Na primer električna vozila su i dalje preskupa, domet im je ograničen na par stotina kilometara, a ponovno punjenje baterija zahteva minimum nekoliko sati pauze na putu; efikasnost gorivnih galvanskih spregova je i dalje nedovoljna, rezervoari goriva su ograničenih kapaciteta, a tehnologija je i dalje veoma skupa za široku upotrebu… To je razlog što su istraživanja vezana za ove sisteme sve intenzivnija i mnogobrojnija [21][22][23][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Ona su najčešće multidisciplinarna, bilo da su fundamentalna (koja će razviti nove materijale za unapređenje postojećih i poznatih sistema, ili razviti nove sisteme zasnovane na već stečenim znanjima), ili da su primenjena (koja treba da pojednostave uređaje, ali i povećaju njihovu efikasnost i smanje njihovu cenu).…”

Enhanced adsorption of Xe and Kr on boron doped graphene sheet decorated with transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn)

“…Most importantly, the E ads is significantly high as found earlier (Table II). Clustering of Cu atoms leads to an increase in coordination, which reduce the availability of active binding sites [56], would have resulted in such drastic reduction.…”