Chemische Prüfung von Zellstoff und Papier. Anorganische Bestandteile in Zellstoff und Papier

3. Chemical Composition and Analysis of Wood

“…Kollmann and Höckele (1962) made a critical comparison of 15 methods of water determination applied to several wood species. Special physical methods such as nuclear radiation techniques (Loos 1965), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Karras, Rahkamaa 1971;Magnusson et al 1972;Nanassy 1978) and neutron moderation (Töppel 1969) are also applicable to moisture content determination of wood and pulp.…”

18. Utilization of Wood and Wood Components for Chemicals and Energy

“…Depending on the process conditions various compounds are obtained. The reaction is carried out in dilute medium at temperatures up to 225 °C and short reaction times of less than 2 hours (Töppel 1961;Goheen 1971). This flavouring agent was traditionally derived from the tropical vanilla bean (Vanilla planifolia) and there are several pathways described for the synthesis of vanillin starting with guaiacol or eugenol (Goheen 1971).…”

“…The most important substituted phenol with respect to commercial utilization is vanillin. The commercial production of vanillin is only economical from softwood lignin sulfonates since in the case of hardwoods syringaldehyde is also formed which cannot be separated economically from vanillin (Töppel 1961;Pearl 1969). The commercial production of lignin-derived vanillin started in about 1937 (Pearl 1969).…”