Chemische Gleichgewichtsthermodynamik

Rau, Hermann; Rau, Jenspeter

doi:10.1007/978-3-663-09492-0

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“… Sardinella fimbriata : Fowler 1941 : 609 (Bacon, Manilla and Aparri, Philippines); Chan 1965 (in part): 14 (Philippines); Rau and Rau 1980 : 203 (Philippines); Whitehead 1985 (in part): 98, unnumbered fig. (Philippines); Conlu 1986 : 45, fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Sardinella Valenciennes, 1847, an Indo-Pacific and Atlantic genus of marine, brackish and/or fresh water sardines ( Clupeidae ), comprises 22 valid species ( Whitehead 1985 , Stern et al 2016 ). Many species, including the endemic fresh water species Sardinella tawilis (Herre, 1927), occur in the Philippines ( Fowler 1941 , Rau and Rau 1980 , Whitehead 1985 , Conlu 1986 , Munroe et al 1999 , Willette et al 2011a , b , Willette and Santos 2012 , Stern et al 2016 , Hata 2017a , b ), some being an important fisheries resource (locally named “tambam”, “tuloy”, and “tunsoy”) ( Rau and Rau 1980 , Conlu 1986 ). A recently described species, Sardinella goni Stern, Rinkevich & Goren, 2016 was based on specimens collected from Boracay Island, the Philippines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)

Hata¹,

Motomura²

2019

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A new sardine, Sardinellapacificasp. n., is described on the basis of 21 specimens collected from the Philippines. The new species closely resembles Sardinellafimbriata (Valenciennes, 1847), both species having lateral scales with centrally discontinuous striae, a dark spot on the dorsal-fin origin, more than 70 lower gill rakers on the first gill arch, the pelvic fin with eight rays, and 17 or 18 prepelvic and 12 or 13 postpelvic scutes. However, the new species is distinguished from the latter by lower counts of lateral scales, pseudobranchial filaments, and postpelvic scutes (38–41, 14–19 and 12–13, respectively vs. 44–46, 19–22 and 13–14), and a shorter lower jaw (10.4–11.6% of standard length vs. 11.1–12.2%). Sardinellapacificasp. n. is known only from the Philippines, whereas S.fimbriata is restricted to the Indian Ocean, although previously considered to be an Indo-West Pacific species, distributed from India to the Philippines.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)

Hata¹,

Motomura²

2019

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“…The freshly formed ruthenium surface activates CH and CC bonds of hydrocarbons as a highly active Fischer‐Tropsch catalyst 21. This process starts consuming significant percentages of the diene ligands from 300 °C on, but leaves the arene ligands almost untouched, a consequence of their higher thermodynamic stability 22…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylated [(benzene)(1,3‐butadiene)Ru⁰] Derivatives as Novel MOCVD Precursors with Favorable Properties

Jipa

Siddiqi

Siddiqui

et al. 2011

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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Dedicated to Professor Rudi van Eldik on the occasion of his 65th birthday(2), and [(2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene)(toluene)Ru 0 ] (3) are prepared and tested as new metal-organic (MO) ruthenium precursor complexes with favorable deposition properties for the CVD of thin ruthenium films. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of single crystals of the complexes are characteristic for true Ru 0 p-complexes without molecular structure peculiarities or significant intermolecular interactions in the solid state, which can hinder undecomposed evaporation. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) and vapor pressure data qualify the compounds as almost ideal MOCVD precursors. Thin ruthenium films are deposited successfully on silicon wafers at substrate temperatures between 200 and 400 8C in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fourpoint probe conductivity measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used to characterize the films. All films consist of polycrystalline metallic ruthenium with a low surface roughness.

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Minimizing the Carbon Content of Thin Ruthenium Films by MOCVD Precursor Complex Design and Process Control

Schneider

Popovska

Jipa

et al. 2007

Chemical Vapor Deposition

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[(Benzene)(1,3-cyclohexadiene)Ru] was investigated as a designed metal-organic (MO) CVD precursor where the inherent structural and chemical features of the ligands help the formation of pure ruthenium films. The investigations have been performed with Si wafers as the substrate at a total gas pressure of 50 mbar, substrate temperature range of 200-450°C, and helium carrier gas velocity of 1.5 to 16.5 cm s -1 . The main focus was on the evaluation of the process parameters that promote the purity of the deposited ruthenium films without the help of a reactive gas component. The composition of the MOCVD exhaust gas was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), and the deposited ruthenium films characterized by elastic recoil detection analyses (ERDA) to relate the carbon content of the films with the follow-up chemistry of the ligands. The primary process of highly effective dehydrogenation of the 1,3-cyclohexadiene ligand at the freshly formed ruthenium surface to form benzene was built in by the choice of the ligand. Further, but much less effective, was the dehydrogenation of benzene, which is presumed to be the main process for carbon contamination. Ruthenium films with only 3 mol.-% carbon content were deposited at a substrate temperature of 300°C and a carrier gas velocity of 12.8 cm s . In all cases the deposited films consist of polycrystalline metallic ruthenium with a low surface roughness.

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Chemische Gleichgewichtsthermodynamik

Cited by 4 publications

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A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)

A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)

Methylated [(benzene)(1,3‐butadiene)Ru⁰] Derivatives as Novel MOCVD Precursors with Favorable Properties

Minimizing the Carbon Content of Thin Ruthenium Films by MOCVD Precursor Complex Design and Process Control

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Chemische Gleichgewichtsthermodynamik

Cited by 4 publications

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A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)

A new species of sardine, Sardinella pacifica from the Philippines (Teleostei, Clupeiformes, Clupeidae)

Methylated [(benzene)(1,3‐butadiene)Ru0] Derivatives as Novel MOCVD Precursors with Favorable Properties

Minimizing the Carbon Content of Thin Ruthenium Films by MOCVD Precursor Complex Design and Process Control

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Methylated [(benzene)(1,3‐butadiene)Ru⁰] Derivatives as Novel MOCVD Precursors with Favorable Properties