Chemiresistor Devices for Chemical Warfare Agent Detection Based on Polymer Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Fennell, John F.; Hamaguchi, Hitoshi; Yoon, Bora; Swager, Timothy M.

doi:10.3390/s17050982

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…105 Swager and co-workers showed that conjugated polymers attached to selector side chains can provide selectively for the detection specific analytes and even resolve very similar structural isomers. 47,73,97,106,107 CNTs can also be functionalized with polymeric surfactants containing long alkyl chains that interact via hydrophobic interactions. 108,109 Dai and co-workers demonstrated the adsorption of Tween 20 conjugates containing biotin, staphylococcal protein A (SpA), or human autoantigen U1A to CNTs.…”

Section: Introduction and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

et al. 2018

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) promise to advance a number of real-world technologies. Of these applications, they are particularly attractive for uses in chemical sensors for environmental and health monitoring. However, chemical sensors based on CNTs are often lacking in selectivity, and the elucidation of their sensing mechanisms remains challenging. This review is a comprehensive description of the parameters that give rise to the sensing capabilities of CNT-based sensors and the application of CNT-based devices in chemical sensing. This review begins with the discussion of the sensing mechanisms in CNT-based devices, the chemical methods of CNT functionalization, architectures of sensors, performance parameters, and theoretical models used to describe CNT sensors. It then discusses the expansive applications of CNT-based sensors to multiple areas including environmental monitoring, food and agriculture applications, biological sensors, and national security. The discussion of each analyte focuses on the strategies used to impart selectivity and the molecular interactions between the selector and the analyte. Finally, the review concludes with a brief outlook over future developments in the field of chemical sensors and their prospects for commercialization.

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Section: Introduction and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

et al. 2018

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“…gas molecules [9]. In gas sensing applications, SWCNTs have been demonstrated for the detection of common organic vapors, [10] oxidizing vapors such as Cl2 or NO2, [11] and even trinitrotoluene (TNT) [12] and chemical warfare agents [13]. The main drawbacks for the application of SWCNT in sensors are the high price and the necessity to find techniques to deposit them on the active area of a resistive sensor with high enough conductivity [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Fabrication of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Sensors by Laser Direct Transfer

Bonciu

Filipescu

Voicu

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This paper describes a rapid, solvent-free laser based procedure for the fabrication of reproducible sensitive sensors based on hybrid nanocomposites, i.e. single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO2 NP) that overcomes challenges associated with solvent-assisted chemical functionalization and integration of these materials into devices. The gas response of the LIFT-ed SWCNT: SnO2 sensors has been evaluated at room temperature and an enhanced 2 fold response to ammonia as compared to the SWCNT sensors is demonstrated. Spontaneous and full recovery of the hybrid nanocomposite signal after exposure to NH3 is achieved without any post treatment. The theoretical detection limit of the LIFT-ed SWCNT: SnO2 sensors at room temperature is calculated to be 0.59 ppb. These results indicate that LIFT is an excellent technique which shows great promise towards advancing future developments in the field of chemical sensors.

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“…Functionalizing CNTs with conjugated polymers for sensor applications has appeared in the field of gas sensing, 14,41 drug delivery, 42 chemical sensing 9,31,32,43,44 or biosensing. 45,46 If many articles have adressed the question of selective non-covalent functionalization of SWNTs (with diameter of order 0.7 to 1.5 nm) by conjugated polymers, and in particular polyfluorene derivatives, 28,29,47 the features of MWNTs (or very large diameter CNTs) and polyfluorene hybrids have not been investigated yet by simulation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the π – π interaction driven non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes of various diameters by conjugated fluorene and carbazole copolymers

Benda

Zucchi

Cancès

et al. 2020

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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We investigate the interaction of polyfluorene and fluorene/carbazole copolymers bearing various functional groups and side chains with small to large diameter-from 1.7 to 9 nm-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in vacuo. We use variable-charge molecular dynamics simulations based on the reactive force field ReaxFF. We show that non covalent functionalization of nanotubes, driven by π − π interactions, is effective for all the polymers studied, thanks to their conjugated backbone and regardless of the presence of specific functional groups. The geometry at equilibrium of these polymer/CNT hybrids is analyzed in detail at the scale of each fluorene or carbazole unit. The role of both the functional groups and the alkyl chains length is analyzed in detail. Adsorption of the polymers on the nanotube sidewalls is shown to be either complete-with the whole chain physisorbed-or partial-due to intrachain coiling or interchain repulsion-depending on the initial geometry, number of polymers and nanotube diameter. Energetic arguments supplement the described geometric features. Both energetic and geometric adsorption features are derived here for the first time for large diameter carbon nanotubes (up to 9 nm) and fluorene/carbazole copolymers having up to 30 monomers and bearing different functional groups. The force field ReaxFF and its available parametrization used for the simulations are validated thanks to a benchmark and review on higher level quantum calculations-for simple π − π interacting compounds made up of polycyclic aromatic molecules adsorbed on a graphene sheet, or bilayer graphene. Although it is shown that the influence of the nanotube chirality on the adsorption pattern and binding strength can not be discussed with our method, we highlight that an available force field such as ReaxFF and its parametrization can be transferable to simulate new systems without specific re-parametrization, provided that this model is validated against reference methods or data. This methodology proves to be a valuable tool for optimal polymer design for nanotube functionalization at no re-parametrization cost, and could be adapted to simulate and assist the design of other types of molecular systems.

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Chemiresistor Devices for Chemical Warfare Agent Detection Based on Polymer Wrapped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Cited by 61 publications

References 59 publications

Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

Carbon Nanotube Chemical Sensors

Facile Fabrication of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube Sensors by Laser Direct Transfer

Insights into the π – π interaction driven non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes of various diameters by conjugated fluorene and carbazole copolymers

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