“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Therefore, it is not surprising that research on the synthesis of polyfunctionalized heterocyclic compounds has received significant attention. In recent years, attention has been increasingly paid to the synthesis of bis-heterocyclic compounds which exhibit various biological activities, [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] including antibacterial, fungicidal, tuberculostatic, antiamoebic, and plant growth regulative properties. The current first specialized review covers the synthesis of 1,4-phenylene-bisheterocyclic compounds from the late 1972 until 2011, and our survey of the literature on the synthesis of these heterocyclic has been divided according to the number of heteroatom in the heterocyclic.…”