“…It is possible to append a fluorescent moiety to the molecule to be tracked. This approach has been successfully applied by conjugating a variety of fluorescent probes including synthetic organic fluorophores (e.g., fluorescein, 14 NBD, 15,16 rhodamine 15 ), inorganic nanoparticles (e.g., quantum dots 17 ) and fluorescent proteins. 18 However, such a conjugation may induce a modification of the physico-chemical properties, such as polarity, acidity, metal affinity or hydrophobicity.…”