The intermetallic compound LiMnBi was synthesized by
the two-step
solid-state reaction from the elements. A synthesis temperature of
850 K was selected based on in situ high-temperature powder X-ray
diffraction data. LiMnBi crystalizes in the layered-like PbClF structure
type (a = 4.3131(7) Å, c =
7.096(1) Å at 100 K, P4/nmm space group, Z = 2). The LiMnBi structure is built
of alternating [MnBi] and Li layers, as determined from single-crystal
X-ray diffraction data. Magnetic property measurements and solid-state 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance data collected for polycrystalline
LiMnBi samples indicate the long-range antiferromagnetic ordering
of the Mn sublattice at ∼340 K, with no superconductivity detected
down to 5 K. LiMnBi is air- and water-sensitive. Under aerobic conditions,
Li can be extracted from the LiMnBi structure to form Li2O/LiOH and MnBi (NiAs structure type, P63/mmc). The obtained MnBi polymorph was previously
reported to be one of the strongest rare-earth-free ferromagnets,
yet its bulk synthesis in powder form is cumbersome. The proposed
magneto-structural transformation from ternary LiMnBi to ferromagnetic
MnBi involves condensation of the MnBi4 tetrahedra upon
Li deintercalation and is exclusive to LiMnBi. In contrast, ferromagnetic
MnBi cannot be obtained from either isostructural NaMnBi and KMnBi
or from the structurally related CaMn2Bi2. Such
a distinctive transformation in the case of LiMnBi is presumed to
be due to its fitting reactivity to yield MnBi and a favorable interlayer
distance between [MnBi] layers, while the interlayer distance in NaMnBi
and KMnBi structural analogues is unfavorably long. The studies of
delithiation from layered-like LiMnBi under different chemical environments
indicate that the yield of MnBi depends on the type of solvent used
and the kinetics of the reaction. A slow rate and mild reaction media
lead to a high fraction of the MnBi product. The saturation magnetization
of the “as-prepared” MnBi is ∼50% of the expected
value of 81.3 emu/g. Overall, this study adds a missing member to
the family of ternary pnictides and illustrates how soft-chemistry
methods can be used to obtain “difficult-to-synthesize”
compounds.