“…[22] Casey et al investigated the different effects of aryl substituents linked at equatorial and apical diphosphines ligand on the selectivity of n-aldehyde. [25] In heterogeneous catalyst, the surface properties of catalysts are also very important, such as the surface functional groups, heteroatom doping and hydrophobicity-hydrophilicity balance, which can affect the catalytic activity and product selectivity. [26,27] However, to our knowledge, the influence of the surface properties on the catalytic performance of heterogeneous hydroformylation is rarely reported.…”