ChemInform Abstract: COAL CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Perry, H.

doi:10.1002/chin.197445459

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…For the coal pyrolysis technology, it has already achieved industrial application. Many researchers around the world have developed a variety of corresponding coal pyrolysis processes, such as the char oil energy development (CODE) process, 373 liquid from coal (LFC) process, efficient co-production with coal flash partial hydropyrolysis technology (ECOPRO) process, 374 and Da Gong (DG) process, 375 with retorting technology using a solid heating carrier developed by the Dalian University of Technology. Pyrolysis products consist of pyrolysis gas, char, and tar, which can achieve different application values.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review

et al. 2020

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This paper presents a review of recent research on direct upgrading of coal/biomass volatiles into aromatics by catalytic pyrolysis and syngas by gasification with catalytic steam reforming. Coal/biomass valorization is considered an important part to fill up the depletion of modern fossil fuel resources. The catalytic pyrolysis process is a potential approach to improve coal tar/bio-oil quality by minimizing its undesirable properties (high viscosity, corrosivity, instability, etc.) and producing renewable fuels and high-value chemicals, such as aromatics (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, etc.). Gasification reforming as a promising process for renewable energy utilization can produce H2-rich syngas. The produced syngas can be further synthesized to fuel and chemicals via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. Thus, this study provides a comprehensive review of the research and development of conversion of coal and biomass volatiles in terms of technological types and catalysts. Aspects related to upgrading technology, the reactor type of catalytic pyrolysis and gasification, and the reaction mechanisms to specific products during the catalytic process are also discussed comprehensively. In particular, catalytic upgrading by fast pyrolysis involves a series of reactions, including deoxygenation, cracking, hydrocarbon pool mechanism, aromatization, and condensation, as well as desulfurization and denitrification in the gasification process. Some key points that are to be addressed for the established process of coal and biomass volatile upgrading may include finding multifunctional catalysts and reactor development for improving the efficiency. Expanding and enhancing knowledge about catalyst utilization and fundamental reaction mechanisms in the thermochemical catalytic conversion technologies of coal and biomass will play an important role in the generation of chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

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Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…This may be accomplished most directly by choosing an indirect gasification method which uses a molten bath (e.g. ATGAS [Perry, 1974] ) to aid in heat transfer from the reactor.…”

Section: Nuclear-assisted Coal Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen tomorrow: demands and technology requirements

Nasa¹

1975

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Results of the NASA 1975 Hydrogen Energy Systems Technology Y 9Y Y 9Y (HEST)Study are reported. The Study projected national needs for hydrogen, evaluated technologies of production, handling, and utilization, and determined the critical research and technology activities required to meet the needs. It adopted an approach of seeking the broadest available spectrum of information and insights from NASA and other government agencies, ' from universities and from industry, and of assessing, validating, and integrating the results of other hydrogen-related studies in order to form ; specific conclusions.The HEST Study found current U.S. hydrogen utilization to be dominated 1 by chemical-industry and petroleum-processing applications, and to represent 3% of total energy consumption. The Study's projections of hydrogen use show growth in the remainder of this century by at least a factor of five, and perhaps a factor of twenty. New applications in the manufacture of synthetic fuels from coal and directly as an energy storage medium and fuel are expected to emerge later this century. Of these new uses, electric utility energy storage for peak-shaving, supplements to the natural gas supply, and special purpose transportation fuel such as aircraft, show promise.The Study concludes that the development and implementation of new means of supplying hydrogen, replacing the use of natural gas and petroleum feedstocks, are imperative. New production technology is essential to support even the lowest growth estimate. Methods based on alternative fossil feedstocks, such as coal and heavy oils, which are less expensive and nearer to technical maturity than non-fossil production systems, should be made operational while these feedstocks are abundant. Concurrently, the longterm tasks of advancing electrolysis technology, researching other water splitting techniques, and integrating these with developing nuclear and emerging solar primary-energy systems, must be carried on, together with work on hydrogen combustion systems and research in materials and safety engineering. Systems studies and assessments of the economic, social, and environmental impacts of hydrogen technology are also called for. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe HEST Study was initiated and carried out under the direction of the NASA Office of Energy Programs. Supportive efforts were provided by the

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“…The first works on the production of synthetic liquid fuels from coal were carried out in 1913 by Friedrich Bergius in Germany [10]. Bergius treated crushed bituminous coal with hydrogen at high temperature and pressure in order to obtain a liquid product consisting of heavy oils, medium distillates, gasoline and gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal methods of solid fuel processing: review

Myltykbayeva¹,

Smaiyl²,

Yeshova³

2022

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A review of literature data on the processing of solid types of combustible fossils into liquid fuels and chemical products has been carried out. The reserves of solid fossil fuels far exceed the natural resources of oil and gas, so the development of methods for processing solid fossil fuels into chemical products and liquid fuels is an urgent task. The main methods of processing coal and oil shale (OS) are reduced to pyrolysis and supercritical gasification. Pyrolysis is preferred for processing oil shale into shale oil, and currently a promising method for processing coal is extraction with supercritical solvents such as water and CO 2 at temperatures up to 900 °C and in some cases with the addition of a catalyst. For oil shale, the gasification process, like pyrolysis, is carried out under milder conditions, since the mineral part of oil shale contains trace elements that act as catalysts, and the structure of the organic part of oil shale is more similar in composition to oil.

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ChemInform Abstract: COAL CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review

Catalytic Conversion of Coal and Biomass Volatiles: A Review

Hydrogen tomorrow: demands and technology requirements

Thermal methods of solid fuel processing: review

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