ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents from the Fermented Mycelia of the Medicinal Fungus Xylaria nigripes.

Abstract

Compounds (I), (II), and (III) are isolated from the ethanol extract of the fermented mycelia of Xylaria nigripes.

Pyrrole Alkaloids from the Edible Mushroom Phlebopus portentosus with Their Bioactive Activities

“…An absorption band at 291 nm in the UV spectrum of compound 1 was indicative of a pyrrole-2-aldehyde moiety [ 14 ]. The 1 H-NMR spectrum ( Table 1 , supplementary material Figure S1 ) displayed a set of two mutual coupled protons at δ H 6.98 (1H, d, J = 4.2 Hz, H-3) and 6.23 (1H, d, J = 4.2 Hz, H-4), which indicated the presence of a typical 2,5-disubstituted pyrrole ring [ 15 , 16 ]. The presence of an aldehyde group in compound 1 was supported by the NMR signals at δ H 9.44 (1H, s) and δ C 179.5.…”

“…Until now, nearly 200 naturally occurring alkaloids with a pyrrole-2-aldehyde moiety have been reported. These kind of alkaloids are widely distributed in plants, microorganisms, and marine invertebrates [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. However, compounds 1 – 7 with the pyrrole-2-aldehyde group were first isolated from the edible mushroom Phlebopus portentosus .…”

Protective effect of medicinal fungus Xylaria nigripes mycelia extracts against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

“… 3 , 4 , 8 , 10 Recently, bioactive compounds with neuroprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory, and cytotoxic properties were isolated from XN mycelia. 11 However, no study has reported detailed mechanisms regarding the neuroprotection of XN mycelia.…”

“…Recently, bioactive compounds with neuroprotective, anti-neuroinflammatory, and cytotoxic properties were isolated from XN mycelia. 11 However, no study has reported detailed mechanisms regarding the neuroprotection of XN mycelia. This study demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of XN mycelia extracts on H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells through multiple mechanisms.…”

“…3 In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the bioactivities of XN, including the following activities: antioxidant, 4,5 immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, 6 hepatoprotective, 7 anti-tumor 5 prevention of spatial memory impairment, 8 anti-depressant activity in epileptic patients, 9 enhancing insulin sensitivity, 10 and neuroprotective activities. 11 These bioactivities of XN are attributed to different chemical compounds reported in XN such as intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides, adenosine, total polyphenols, and triterpenoids in mycelia. [4][5][6]12 Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) can increase oxidative stress and induce apoptosis by initiating mitochondrial dysfunctions in PC12 cells.…”