ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Fibers: Precursor Systems, Processing, Structure, and Properties

Frank, Erik; Steudle, Lisa M.; Ingildeev, Denis; Spoerl, Johanna M.; Buchmeiser, Michael R.

doi:10.1002/chin.201428231

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber has excellent mechanical and functional properties, which made it an irreplaceable material in aerospace, energy transportation, civil and construction engineering, bridge structures, and other fields [1][2][3][4]. The preparation technology of high-performance carbon fiber was always the main task for the researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Regulation of Radial Structure of PAN Pre-Oxidized Fiber Based on the Fine Denier Model

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Affected by ambient oxygen and thermal diffusion mechanism, the radial structural distribution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber during the pre-oxidation process will be inherited to the carbon fiber, which had a remarkable effect on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber. It is important to understand the evolution mechanism of radial structure evolution of PAN fiber during the pre-oxidation process to manufacture the high-performance carbon fiber. In this paper, a series of fine denier model fibers were prepared by adjusting the oxygen concentration to describe the structural characteristics at different radial regions of pre-oxidized fibers. The evolution mechanism of the radial structure of pre-oxidized fiber, with the increase of heat treatment temperature, was studied by the methods of optical microscope, C13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that along the radial direction of pre-oxidized fiber from skin to core layer, the degree of cyclization changed little while the dehydrogenation and oxygen-containing structure gradually decreased. Specifically, the oxygen-containing functional groups in the core decreased to the lowest level or even disappeared. A moderate increase of temperature in the initial and middle pre-oxidation processes could effectively promote the formation of cyclized structure and stabilize cross-linked ladder structure in the skin region of the fiber. With it, the thermal stability of obtained pre-oxidation fiber was improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution and Regulation of Radial Structure of PAN Pre-Oxidized Fiber Based on the Fine Denier Model

Wang

et al. 2022

Materials

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Evolution mechanism of cyclized structure of PAN-based pre-oxidized fiber during low temperature carbonization process

Wang

et al. 2021

Mater. Res. Express

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The low temperature carbonization process is an important stage to realize the structural transition from the organic cyclized structure of PAN based pre-oxidized fiber to the inorganic pseudo-graphite structure of the ultimate carbon fiber. In the present paper, the evolution mechanism of cyclized structure and aggregation structure of PAN stabilized fiber during low temperature carbonization was studied by means of TGA, 13C-NMR, XRD, XPS and Raman. The results indicated that when the heat-treated temperature was lower than 450 °C, the mainly chemical reactions were the dehydrogenation and pyrolysis reactions in acyclic linear molecular chain or partial cyclized structure. At this stage, the growth of cyclized structure was not obvious. While the original ordered structure was destroyed gradually and the internal stress increased significantly. It induced the cyclized structure to be further oriented. When the temperature was higher than 450 °C, the polycondensation and reconstruction in aromatic heterocyclic structure was more important. The early aromatic heterocycles had many different structural scales, poor homogeneity and many defects in the heterocycles. At this stage, a new pseudo-graphite crystalline structure gradually formed and the d-spacing of graphite layer decreased slightly and crystallites size increased slowly with the increase of heat-treated temperature. When the temperature was higher than 550 °C, the pseudo-graphite base structure gradually formed. The d-spacing were further reduced slightly, and the crystallites size increased slowly. A new ordered basis structure was gradually developed into carbon fiber.

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Design Space Assessment of Hydrogen Storage Onboard Medium and Heavy Duty Fuel Cell Electric Trucks

Gangloff

Kast

Morrison

et al. 2017

Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage

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Hydrogen fuel cells are an important part of a portfolio of strategies for reducing petroleum use and emissions from medium and heavy duty (MD and HD) vehicles; however, their deployment is very limited compared to other powertrains. This paper addresses gaseous hydrogen storage tank design and location on representative MD and HD vehicles. Storage design is based on vehicle size and occupation. The available storage space on representative vehicles is assessed and is used to estimate the weight and capacity of composite material-based compressed gaseous storage at 350 and 700 bar. Results demonstrate the technical feasibility of using hydrogen storage for fuel cell electric trucks (FCETs) across a wide range of the MD and HD vehicle market. This analysis is part of a longer-term project to understand which market segments provide the maximum economic impact and greenhouse gas reduction opportunities for FCETs.

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ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Fibers: Precursor Systems, Processing, Structure, and Properties

Abstract: Review: [227 refs.

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Evolution and Regulation of Radial Structure of PAN Pre-Oxidized Fiber Based on the Fine Denier Model

Evolution and Regulation of Radial Structure of PAN Pre-Oxidized Fiber Based on the Fine Denier Model

Evolution mechanism of cyclized structure of PAN-based pre-oxidized fiber during low temperature carbonization process

Design Space Assessment of Hydrogen Storage Onboard Medium and Heavy Duty Fuel Cell Electric Trucks

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