Chemicals. Solutions. Equipment and General Procedures

Svendsen, P. Just; Weeke, B.; Johansson, Björn G.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1983.tb03996.x

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Animals were classified positive when they were positive on one of the tests. Serum electrophoresis was performed on all positive samples (except one positive stone marten) in order to quantify gamma globulin (Svendsen et al, 1983;Aasted, 1989). Moreover, in order to have a reference of noninfected mink, the serum gamma globulins were quantified for 16 seronegative European mink and 16 seronegative American mink.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus in Free-Ranging European Mink (Mustela Lutreola) and Other Small Carnivores From Southwestern France

Fournier‐Chambrillon¹,

Aasted²,

Perrot

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Owing to the rapid decline of the European mink (Mustela lutreola) in France, a national conservation action plan has been initiated, in which scientific research to improve understanding of the causes of the decline is one of the primary objectives. In order to investigate the possible role of Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV) in decline of the species, a serologic survey was conducted from March 1996 to March 2002 in 420 free-ranging individuals of six species of small carnivores distributed in eight dé partements of southwestern France. Antibodies to ADV were detected in 17 of 75 American mink (Mustela vison), 12 of 99 European mink, 16 of 145 polecats (Mustela putorius), four of 17 stone martens (Martes foina), one of 16 pine martens (Martes martes), and three of 68 common genets (Genetta genetta). Seroprevalence was significantly higher in American mink than in other species. Seropositive individuals with gamma globulin levels Ͼ20% were observed in four European mink, four American mink, two stone martens, and one pine marten. Geographic distribution of positive animals indicates the virus has spread to all areas where European mink are found. Furthermore, a trend of increasing prevalence seems to appear in Mustela sp. sympatric with American mink. Although further investigations are necessary to evaluate the role of ADV in decline of European mink, evidence of the virus in the wild at the levels found in our study has implications for conservation of this species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies to Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus in Free-Ranging European Mink (Mustela Lutreola) and Other Small Carnivores From Southwestern France

Fournier‐Chambrillon¹,

Aasted²,

Perrot

et al. 2004

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Plasma gammaglobulin quantitations were carried out by agarose electrophoresis (LSA agarose; Litex) using the Tris-barbital buffer system (53). The amido black staining procedure was used, and the protein fractions were quantified by densitometry (2202 ultrascan densitometer; LKB, Bromma, Sweden).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Profiles in Adult Mink Infected with Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

Jensen¹,

Castelruiz²,

Aasted³

2003

J Virol

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The aim of this study was to examine the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-␥)-, interleukin 4 (IL-4)-, and IL-8-producing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mink infected with the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV). As expected, ADV-infected mink developed high plasma gamma globulin values (hypergammaglobulinemia) and enhanced quantities of CD8-positive (CD8؉ ) cells in the blood during the infection. We quantified the percentages of IFN-␥-and IL-4-positive lymphocytes and IL-8-positive monocytes up to week 38 after virus challenge. The results clearly indicated marked increases in the percentages of IFN-␥-and IL-4-producing lymphocytes during ADV infection. The total number of IL-8-producing monocytes in the blood of ADV-infected mink stayed fairly constant during the infection. In order to characterize the phenotype of the cytokine-producing cells, we performed double-labeling fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) experiments with CD8 surface labeling in one channel and cytokine intracellular staining in the other. We found that most IFN-␥ and IL-4 in ADV-infected mink was produced by CD8؉ cells, while in the uninfected mink, these cytokines were primarily produced by a cell type that was not CD8 (possibly CD4-positive cells). We also observed that IL-8 was almost exclusively produced by monocytes. All of the above findings led us to conclude that both Th1-and Th2-driven immune functions are found in mink plasmacytosis.Aleutian mink disease (AD), also known as mink plasmacytosis, is a common and economically important disease in mink. It is caused by a persistent infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (ADV), a nondefective parvovirus (16). In newborn mink, ADV infection may cause atypical interstitial pneumonia (10). This was observed just 20 years ago (34). The classical (adult) form of AD was described in 1956 by Hartsough and Gorham (30), and the disease is characterized by development of hypergammaglobulinemia (plasmacytosis), elevated levels of CD8-positive (CD8 ϩ ) lymphocytes, viral persistency, and immune complex formation (1,2,15,44). The most common pathological findings are glomerulonephritis and arteritis, and severely affected mink often die of renal failure (44). ADV cannot be neutralized in vivo despite the presence of very high concentrations in serum of antibody to virus capsid proteins (8,45). In fact, antibody-mediated enhancement of infection has been observed in connection with ADV infection (3,14,15,32,43). With regard to the identity of the in vivo ADV replicating cell(s) it is generally agreed that the virus-permissive cells probably are Fc receptor-positive cells (7,11,15,32).There is only one existing report on cytokine levels during ADV infection (15). Using reverse transcription-PCR technology, this study reported higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA levels in lymph nodes from ADV-infected mink (10 and 60 days after infection) than from uninfected mink. It also found biologically active IL-6 in supernatants from short-term lymph node cultures from ADV-infected mi...

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“…All immunoelectrophoretic procedures were performed as described previously (2, 12, 13, 29,48) by using glass plates (5 by 7 cm), 1% agarose (Litex LSM, batch 812; Accurate Chemical and Scientific Corp., Westbury, N.Y.), and barbital buffer (pH 8.6; ionic strength, 0.1). First-dimension electrophoresis was performed at 10 V/cm until 2 pl of bromothymol blue-labeled human albumin marker migrated exactly 35 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic Heterogeneity Among Legionella, Fluoribacter, and Tatlockia Species Analyzed by Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis

Collins

Bangsborg

Høiby

1987

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE) reference systems were established for Fluoribacter (Legionella) (containing Fluoribacter bozemanae, Fluoribacter dumofii, and Fluoribacter gormanii) and for Tatlockia (Legionella) micdadei. The Fluoribacter and Tatlockia XIE reference systems contained 54 and 72 anodemigrating antigens, respectively. These two systems, together with the previously described polyvalent Legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1 through 6) XIE reference system, were used to study the crossreactivities of antigens from organisms comprising the three proposed genera in the family Legionellaceae. Antigenic homology was expressed as the matching coefficient (MC), the ratio of the number of cross-reactive antigens to the total number of antigens. The MCs for individual L. pneumophila serogroups when the polyvalent L. pneumophila antibody was used were 0.98 f 0.05, which was significantly higher than the MCs determined by using Fluoribacter or Tatlockia antibodies (0.50 f 0.13) (P < 0.001). The MCs for the three species of Fluoribacter when polyvalent Fluoribacter antibody was used were 0.93 & 0.10, which was also significantly higher than the MCs when heterologous antibodies were used (0.40 f 0.04) (P < 0.001). The MCs for T . micdadei with the two heterologous antibody preparations were similar to each other (0.32 and 0.46) and to all other heterologous MCs among members of the Legionellaceae. The MCs for organisms representing three other families of bacteria were 0.16 f 0.04 in all three XIE reference systems and were significantly lower than the MCs among members of the Legionellaceae (P < 0.001). When a priori criteria for MC interpretation established in previous serotaxonomic studies of other bacterial species by XIE were used, our results from studies on the antigenic relationships among Legionella, Fluoribacter, and Tatlockia supported the proposal that there are multiple genera in the family Legionellaceae.Antigenic analysis of proteins or peptides has been used to study phylogenetic relationships among both procaryotes and eucaryotes (11, 18,44). In most studies, purified enzymes and monospecific polyclonal antisera have been used. These studies have demonstrated that protein antigens do not cross-react unless they are homologous and isofunctional and have a common phylogenetic origin (11,(42)(43)(44)52), that the degree of cross-reaction is detectable until 30 to 40% of the amino acid sequence is substituted (43,44), and that there is a linear correlation between immunological distance and percentage of deoxyribonucleic acid-ribonucleic acid homology down to homology values of 45 to 50% (4). We previously reported one-way cross-reaction studies in which a Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 crossed immunoelectrophoresis reference system was used (13). Our findings were similar to those of Jolly and Kenny (33), who, also by using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, showed that there was a high degree of antigenic homogeneity among L . pneumophila serogroups 1 through 4 (27 of 31 antigens in common) a...

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Chemicals. Solutions. Equipment and General Procedures

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Antibodies to Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus in Free-Ranging European Mink (Mustela Lutreola) and Other Small Carnivores From Southwestern France

Antibodies to Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus in Free-Ranging European Mink (Mustela Lutreola) and Other Small Carnivores From Southwestern France

Cytokine Profiles in Adult Mink Infected with Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

Antigenic Heterogeneity Among Legionella, Fluoribacter, and Tatlockia Species Analyzed by Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis

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