Chemicals Associated With Marine Plastic Debris and Microplastics: Analyses and Contaminant Levels

Hong, Sang Hee; Shim, Won Joon; Jang, Mi

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813747-5.00009-6

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Another risk is the toxic chemicals associated with plastic debris (Fred-Ahmadu et al, 2020; Hong et al, 2018). 449 More than 60 pollutants were indeed found in some plastic samples (León et al, 2018).…”

Section: Impact Of Photodegraded Plastic Debris On the Marine Environment 441mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, fate, and impact of marine plastic debris exposed to sunlight: A review

Masry

Rossignol

Gardette

et al. 2021

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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The increase of plastic production from the middle of the twentieth century was inevitably followed by an 22 increase in the amount of plastic dumped in the natural environment. There, the plastic debris are exposed to 23 sunlight, temperature, humidity, and physical stress. This can induce photo-oxidative and thermal degradation. 24 products and stabilizers leakage, (ii) organic pollutants accumulation, transfer, and leakage, and (iii) toxicity on 30 marine organisms.

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Section: Impact Of Photodegraded Plastic Debris On the Marine Environment 441mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, fate, and impact of marine plastic debris exposed to sunlight: A review

Masry

Rossignol

Gardette

et al. 2021

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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“…More than 80% of the adverse impacts by debris in the marine environment are associated with plastic waste, as it can impact this environment physically and biochemically [46,109]. Plastic waste has also been found in biota from different trophic levels, such as marine invertebrates [16,22,66], fish [73,83,101], marine mammals [29,80,81], seabirds [4,82,95,96,119], green turtles [127], and penguins [9].…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Chemical Additives Released From Oceanic Plastic Debrismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oceanic long-range transport of organic additives present in plastic products: an overview

et al. 2021

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Most plastics are made of persistent synthetic polymer matrices that contain chemical additives in significant amounts. Millions of tonnes of plastics are produced every year and a significant amount of this plastic enters the marine environment, either as macro- or microplastics. In this article, an overview is given of the presence of marine plastic debris globally and its potential to reach remote locations in combination with an analysis of the oceanic long-range transport potential of organic additives present in plastic debris. The information gathered shows that leaching of hydrophobic substances from plastic is slow in the ocean, whereas more polar substances leach faster but mostly from the surface layers of the particle. Their high content used in plastic of several percent by weight allows also these chemicals to be transported over long distances without being completely depleted along the way. It is therefore likely that various types of additives reach remote locations with plastic debris. As a consequence, birds or other wildlife that ingest plastic debris are exposed to these substances, as leaching is accelerated in warm-blooded organisms and in hydrophobic fluids such as stomach oil, compared to leaching in water. Our estimates show that approximately 8′100–18′900 t of various organic additives are transported with buoyant plastic matrices globally with a significant portion also transported to the Arctic. For many of these chemicals, long-range transport (LRT) by plastic as a carrier is their only means of travelling over long distances without degrading, resulting in plastic debris enabling the LRT of chemicals which otherwise would not reach polar environments with unknown consequences. The transport of organic additives via plastic debris is an additional long-range transport route that should also be considered under the Stockholm Convention.

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“…Concentrations up to 16,444 ng/g were observed in MPs in the stomach of seabirds (Tanaka et al, 2013;2015;Herzke et al, 2016). Phenols, such as BPA and NP, have been measured worldwide in field-collected MPs at a range of 1-730 ng/g and 5.8-16,000 ng/g, respectively (reviewed by Hong et al, 2018), while phthalates have been detected in coastal PE, PP and PS MPs from China up to 80.4 ng/ g, with diethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP, being the most concentrated class (up to 69.9 ng/g) (Zhang et al, 2018). Metals have been detected in different types of MPs at ng/g levels (Ashton et al, 2010, Nakashima et al, 2012Turner and Holmes, 2011).…”

Section: Potential Additive Leaching In the Marine Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hidden threat of plastic leachates: A critical review on their impacts on aquatic organisms

2020

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Plastic products are made from the essential polymer mixed with a complex blend of substances including catalyst remnants, polymerization solvents, and a wide range of other additives deliberately added to enhance the desirable characteristics of the final product. Additives include bisphenols, phthalates, flame retardants, and further emerging and legacy contaminants. With a few exceptions, additives are not chemically bound to the polymer, and potentially migrate within the material reaching its surface, then possibly leach out to the environment. Leachates are mixtures of additives, some of which belong to the list of emerging contaminants, i.e. substances that show the potential to pose risks to the environment and human health, while are not yet regulated. The review discusses the state of the art and gaps concerning the hidden threat of plastic leachates. The focus is on reports addressing the biological impacts of plastic leachates as a whole mixture. Degradation of plastics, including the weathering-driven fragmentation, and the release of additives, are analysed together with the techniques currently employed for chemically screening leachates. Because marine plastic litter is a major concern, the review mainly focuses on the effects of plastic leachates on marine flora and fauna. Moreover, it also addresses impacts on freshwater organisms. Finally, research needs and perspectives are examined, to promote better focused investigations, that may support developing different plastic materials and new regulations.

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Chemicals Associated With Marine Plastic Debris and Microplastics: Analyses and Contaminant Levels

Cited by 15 publications

References 91 publications

Characteristics, fate, and impact of marine plastic debris exposed to sunlight: A review

Characteristics, fate, and impact of marine plastic debris exposed to sunlight: A review

Oceanic long-range transport of organic additives present in plastic products: an overview

The hidden threat of plastic leachates: A critical review on their impacts on aquatic organisms

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