Chemically Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Electrodes with Ferrocene Derivatives through Reactive Landing

Pepi, Federico; Tata, Alessandra; Garzoli, Stefania; Giacomello, Pierluigi; Ragno, Rino; Patsilinakos, Alexandros; Fusco, Massimo Di; D’Annibale, Andrea; Cannistraro, Salvatore; Baldacchini, Chiara; Favero, Gabriele; Frasconi, Marco; Mazzei, Franco

doi:10.1021/jp1100472

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Reactive landing, which constitutes a special type of ion deposition where chemical bonds are formed with the surface, has been applied extensively for modification of surfaces using beams of polyatomic ions (Shen et al, ; Hanley & Sinnott, 2002; Jacobs, ; Wang & Laskin, ). Examples of reactive deposition, including the covalent modification of SAMs (Pradeep et al, ; Evans et al, ; Wade et al, ; Hu et al, ), modification of polymer films using hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon ions (Ada et al, ; Wijesundara et al, ,; Hanley & Sinnott, 2002), formation of metal oxide coatings on MALDI plates for enrichment of phosphopeptides through deposition of metal alkoxide ions (Blacken et al, , ; Krásný et al, ), immobilization of biomolecules (Volny et al, ,; Wang et al, ), dendrimers (Hu & Laskin, ), metal and carbon clusters (Bottcher et al, , ; Loffler et al, ; Ulas et al, ,), and organometallic complexes (Johnson & Laskin, ; Johnson et al, ; Nagaoka et al, ; Pepi et al, ) on surfaces are discussed in detail in section 4c.…”

Section: Preparative Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, complications resulting from the presence of counter ions, contaminants, and solvent molecules are easily avoided using soft landing. So far, a limited number of publications have reported investigations of the redox activity of soft landed ions (Pepi et al, ; Mazzei et al, ; Mazzei et al, ; Peng et al, ; Pepi et al, ). For example, Pepi and co‐workers characterized the redox activity of ferrocene derivatives prepared on carboxyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) by soft landing protonated aminoferrocene (NH 2 ‐Fc)H + and alkylaminoferrocene (NH 2 − (CH 2 ) n Fc)H + ( n = 3, 6, 11, and 16) ions (Pepi et al, ).…”

Section: Reduction‐oxidation (Redox) Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, a limited number of publications have reported investigations of the redox activity of soft landed ions (Pepi et al, ; Mazzei et al, ; Mazzei et al, ; Peng et al, ; Pepi et al, ). For example, Pepi and co‐workers characterized the redox activity of ferrocene derivatives prepared on carboxyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) by soft landing protonated aminoferrocene (NH 2 ‐Fc)H + and alkylaminoferrocene (NH 2 − (CH 2 ) n Fc)H + ( n = 3, 6, 11, and 16) ions (Pepi et al, ). The redox properties of protonated ferrocene derivatives immobilized on MWCNT‐COOH were evaluated by CV revealing the symmetric, well‐defined, and reversible waves expected for the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple, as shown in Figure .…”

Section: Reduction‐oxidation (Redox) Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft‐ and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications

Johnson

Gunaratne

Laskin

2015

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Soft‐ and reactive landing of mass‐selected ions is gaining attention as a promising approach for the precisely‐controlled preparation of materials on surfaces that are not amenable to deposition using conventional methods. A broad range of ionization sources and mass filters are available that make ion soft‐landing a versatile tool for surface modification using beams of hyperthermal (<100 eV) ions. The ability to select the mass‐to‐charge ratio of the ion, its kinetic energy and charge state, along with precise control of the size, shape, and position of the ion beam on the deposition target distinguishes ion soft landing from other surface modification techniques. Soft‐ and reactive landing have been used to prepare interfaces for practical applications as well as precisely‐defined model surfaces for fundamental investigations in chemistry, physics, and materials science. For instance, soft‐ and reactive landing have been applied to study the surface chemistry of ions isolated in the gas‐phase, prepare arrays of proteins for high‐throughput biological screening, produce novel carbon‐based and polymer materials, enrich the secondary structure of peptides and the chirality of organic molecules, immobilize electrochemically‐active proteins and organometallics on electrodes, create thin films of complex molecules, and immobilize catalytically active organometallics as well as ligated metal clusters. In addition, soft landing has enabled investigation of the size‐dependent behavior of bare metal clusters in the critical subnanometer size regime where chemical and physical properties do not scale predictably with size. The morphology, aggregation, and immobilization of larger bare metal nanoparticles, which are directly relevant to the design of catalysts as well as improved memory and electronic devices, have also been studied using ion soft landing. This review article begins in section 1 with a brief introduction to the existing applications of ion soft‐ and reactive landing. Section 2 provides an overview of the ionization sources and mass filters that have been used to date for soft landing of mass‐selected ions. A discussion of the competing processes that occur during ion deposition as well as the types of ions and surfaces that have been investigated follows in section 3. Section 4 discusses the physical phenomena that occur during and after ion soft landing, including retention and reduction of ionic charge along with factors that impact the efficiency of ion deposition. The influence of soft landing on the secondary structure and biological activity of complex ions is addressed in section 5. Lastly, an overview of the structure and mobility as well as the catalytic, optical, magnetic, and redox properties of bare ionic clusters and nanoparticles deposited onto surfaces is presented in section 6. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 35:439–479, 2016.

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Section: Preparative Mass Spectrometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction‐oxidation (Redox) Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduction‐oxidation (Redox) Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft‐ and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications

Johnson

Gunaratne

Laskin

2015

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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“…In principle, the well-defined preparation of a sample is useful for any (surface science) characterization method. It is thus not surprising that pMS was successfully used in combination with many other surface analysis methods such as secondary ionization mass spectrometry (63,135), infrared spectroscopy (96), Raman spectroscopy (64,136), and electrochemistry (92).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both effects offer completely new possibilities for epitaxy: Surface-induced dissociation could be used to generate reactive species away from thermal equilibrium without heating that can undergo reactions that are otherwise not conceivable (89). A few examples demonstrate this possibility of covalent surface modification (64,(90)(91)(92). Whereas the energy dependence of the structure and the morphology of defects created by atomic ion impacts have been studied in depth (93,94), little is known about the structures formed by energetic collisions of molecules because so far no high-resolution imaging has been performed.…”

Section: Hyperthermal Energy and Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules

Rauschenbach

Ternes

Harnau

et al. 2016

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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Measuring and understanding the complexity that arises when nanostructures interact with their environment are one of the major current challenges of nanoscale science and technology. High-resolution microscopy methods such as scanning probe microscopy have the capacity to investigate nanoscale systems with ultimate precision, for which, however, atomic scale precise preparation methods of surface science are a necessity. Preparative mass spectrometry (pMS), defined as the controlled deposition of m/z filtered ion beams, with soft ionization sources links the world of large, biological molecules and surface science, enabling atomic scale chemical control of molecular deposition in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Here we explore the application of high-resolution scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy to the characterization of structure and properties of large molecules. We introduce the fundamental principles of the combined experiments electrospray ion beam deposition and scanning tunneling microscopy. Examples for the deposition and investigation of single particles, for layer and film growth, and for the investigation of electronic properties of individual nonvolatile molecules show that state-of-the-art pMS technology provides a platform analog to thermal evaporation in conventional molecular beam epitaxy. Additionally, it offers additional, unique features due to the use of charged polyatomic particles. This new field is an enormous sandbox for novel molecular materials research and demands the development of advanced molecular ion beam technology.

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Gas‐phase Ion Stereochemistry of Iron Complexes probed by Mass Spectrometric Techniques

Palii

2014

Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups

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Modern mass spectrometry (MS) evolved into a ‘complete chemical laboratory’, enabling studies to be performed on structure and reactivity of ionic species under environment‐free conditions. The advent of theoretical methods as a supplement to experimental MS data has expanded gas‐phase ion chemistry to include the stereochemical perspective. In the last decade IRMPD (infrared multiple‐photon dissociation) and IRSPD (infrared single‐photon dissociation) spectroscopy methods have been increasingly employed to directly probe the 3D structures of mass‐selected ions. This chapter aims to provide an overview (139 references) of gas‐phase ion stereochemistry of metal complexes as exemplified by Fe‐containing species, with a special emphasis on combined experimental/theoretical approaches and the advantages that this prolific partnership brought to the field. A survey of literature has revealed that circa 100 three‐dimensional structures of ionic Fe‐containing species have been characterized to date by both MS techniques and computational methods. These include coordinatively unsaturated organoiron species with various hydrocarbons, Fe complexes with homogeneous and heterogeneous conjugated cyclic hydrocarbons (including PAHs of astrophysical interest), anionic and cationic iron carbonyls, Fe complexes of N‐, O‐ and S‐donor ligands providing classical Werner‐type coordination sites. Some of these gaseous species adopt only a single stable structure, while others generate multiple conformers. In most cases, the reactivity of Fe‐containing species is oxidation‐state dependent. The nature of the ligands in a complex clearly influences the reactivity. With a decrease in the number of available coordination sites on the metal center, the gas‐phase reactivity decreases as well, with a concomitant increase in selectivity.

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Chemically Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Electrodes with Ferrocene Derivatives through Reactive Landing

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Soft‐ and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications

Soft‐ and reactive landing of ions onto surfaces: Concepts and applications

Mass Spectrometry as a Preparative Tool for the Surface Science of Large Molecules

Gas‐phase Ion Stereochemistry of Iron Complexes probed by Mass Spectrometric Techniques

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