Chemically Mediated Transmission at a Giant Fiber Synapse in the Central Nervous System of a Vertebrate

Auerbach, A. A.; Bennett, Michael V. L.

doi:10.1085/jgp.53.2.183

Cited by 123 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…I). The axon originates from the soma, courses ventraliy, then courses medially where it en larges (and receives an excitatory synapse from the ipsilateral Mauthner fiber [Auerbach and Bennett, 1969a;Model et al, 1975]). The axon then crosses the midline and bifurcates to form an ascending branch and a descending branch, both of which course in the dorsal part of the medial longitudinal fasciculus adja cent to the contralateral Mauthner fiber (from which it receives several synapses [Model et al, 1975]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of Giant Fibers, a Class of Reticular Interneurons, in the Brain of the Silver Hatchetfish

Barry¹,

Bennett²

1990

Brain Behav Evol

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Giant fibers are large reticular interneurons that mediate excitatory input from the Mauthner cells to pectoral-fin motoneurons. The present study revealed extensive giant-fiber projections to central targets other than the pectoral-fin motoneurons. Physiologically identified giant fibers were filled intracellularly with Lucifer Yellow. The presence of numerous dendrites suggests that there may be significant integration of non-Mauthner inputs in the giant-fiber cell body. The axon decussates and then bifurcates to form a descending process that innervates pectoral-fin motoneurons, and an ascending process with collaterals that terminate in the rostral trigeminal, rostral facial and, in some cases, oculomotor and trochlear motor nuclei. The projections are consistent with a role for the giant fibers as mediators of all the cranial components of the Mauthner-initiated startle response. There are also extensive projections to cells near the Mauthner cell and to the medial reticular formation. The latter projections may participate in longer-latency components of the Mauthner-initiated startle response, or they may constitute part of a general arousal pathway. The morphology of giant fibers suggests that they are homologous to cranial relay neurons in the goldfish and T reticular interneurons in zebrafish larvae. Non-Mauthner inputs to giant fibers may participate in non-Mauthner startle responses and contribute to the variability of Mauthner-mediated startle responses.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of Giant Fibers, a Class of Reticular Interneurons, in the Brain of the Silver Hatchetfish

Barry¹,

Bennett²

1990

Brain Behav Evol

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“…On the other hand, a variety of neurones, in particular primary sensory receptors, do not generate impulses but conduct graded potentials into their terminals. In these neurones, changes in potential of less than a millivolt from the resting level can affect postsynaptic cells (Bennett, 1968; Shaw, 1972;Pearson & Fourtner, 1975;Baylor & Fettiplace, 1976;Schmitt, Dev & Smith, 1976 (Bullock & Hagiwara, 1957), the synapse between a Muller fibre and an interneurone in the lamprey spinal cord (Martin & Ringham, 1975), and the synapse between the Mauthner cell and giant fibre in the hatchetfish medulla (Auerbach & Bennett, 1969 (Katz & Miledi, 1967; Kusano, Livengood & Werman, 1967;Llinas, Steinberg & Walton, 1976 (Katz & Miledi, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage sensitive calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals of a decrementally conducting photoreceptor

Ross

Stuart

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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5. The action potential is followed by a large undershoot which can last several seconds. The amplitude and duration of the action potential and the duration of the undershoot all grow in increasing concentrations of TEA up to 400 mm, the highest concentration tested. The threshold for the action potential decreases as the concentration of TEA is increased to 10 mM; increasing the concentration further has no effect on the threshold. These observations suggest that TEA blocks a voltagesensitive potassium conductance at low concentrations but has less effect on the current responsible for the undershoot.6. Electrophysiological and pharmacological evidence suggests that the Ca channels are concentrated in the presynaptic terminals of this photoreceptor.

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“…This has been found at various neuromuscular preparations (Eccles, Katz & Kuffler, 1941;Lundberg & Quilisch, 1953;Liley & North, 1953;Thies, 1965;Elmqvist & Quastel, 1965b;Bruner & Kennedy, 1970) and also at synapses on to guinea-pig olfactory cortex cells (Richards, 1972), cat lateral geniculate neurones (Bishop, Burke & Hayhow, 1959), cat dorsal spino-cerebellar tract cells (Eccles, Oscarsson & Willis, 1961), cat spinal motor neurones (Curtis & Eccles 1960) sympathetic ganglion cells in cat (McCandless, Zablocka-Esplin & Esplin, 1971), guinea-pig (Bennett & McLachlan, 1972a, b) and rabbit (Eccles, 1955). Depression is also encountered at synapses on to crayfish tactile interneurones (Zucker, 1972), lobster cardiac ganglion cells (Hagiwara & Bullock, 1957), leech segmental ganglion motoneurones (Nicholls & Purves, 1972), Aplysia central neurones (Wachtel & Kandel, 1967;Castellucci, Pinsker, Kupferman & Kandel, 1970;Gardner & Kandel, 1972) and at synapses on to giant neurones in cockroach (Callec, Guillet, Pichon & Boistel, 1971), Aplysia (Bruner & Tauc, 1966), hatchet fish (Auerbach & Bennett, 1969;Highstein & Bennett, 1973) and squid (Bullock & Hagiwara, 1957; Bryant, 1958;Takeuchi & Takeuchi, 1962;Katz & Miledi, 1967;Horn & Wright, 1970). A number of studies have been devoted to examining the ionic dependence of depression (Thies, 1965;Elmqvist & Quastel, 1965b;Hubbard, Jones & Landau, 1971) and the effects on it of temperature variations (Hubbard et al 1971),...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and recovery of transmission at the squid giant synapse.

Kusano¹,

Landau²

1975

The Journal of Physiology

113

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SUMMARY1. The process of synaptic depression and recovery were studied in the squid (Loligo pealii) giant synapse with intracellular recording and stimulating electrodes in the presence of tetrodotoxin (10-7 M).2. When the synapse was stimulated at 50 Hz, depression occurred rapidly. Recovery after the tetanus was a first-order process with an average time constant of 4-9 sec. The rate of recovery was independent of the amplitude of the post-synaptic potential (p.s.p.) or the degree of depression.3. For the first five to seven p.s.p.s in the train there was a linear relationship between depression and the total amount of transmitter previously released. This may indicate that depression in this preparation was caused by the depletion of the presynaptic store of transmitter (S).4. Assuming that this interpretation was correct, we could show that recovery from depression during the tetanus (i.e. 'mobilization') proceeded about 10 times faster than after the end of the tetanus.5. When the amplitude of the p.s.p. was varied by changing the bathing calcium concentration, [Ca], the degree of depression was correlated to the amplitude of the p.s.p.6. When the amplitude of the p.s.p. was increased by increasing presynaptic depolarization, synaptic depression was found to increase as well. However, synaptic depression increased less than the amplitude of the p.s.p., the relationship between these two measures being non-linear.7. This finding is interpreted to indicate that the transmitter stores, S, are closely related to the area of the presynaptic membrane which is sufficiently depolarized to release transmitter.

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Chemically Mediated Transmission at a Giant Fiber Synapse in the Central Nervous System of a Vertebrate

Cited by 123 publications

References 25 publications

Projections of Giant Fibers, a Class of Reticular Interneurons, in the Brain of the Silver Hatchetfish

Projections of Giant Fibers, a Class of Reticular Interneurons, in the Brain of the Silver Hatchetfish

Voltage sensitive calcium channels in the presynaptic terminals of a decrementally conducting photoreceptor

Depression and recovery of transmission at the squid giant synapse.

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