Chemical warfare agent detection using MEMS-compatible microsensor arrays

Meier, Douglas C.; Taylor, C. James; Cavicchi, Richard E.; E.W., V; Ellzy, Michael W.; Sumpter, Kenneth B.; Semancik, Steve

doi:10.1109/jsen.2005.848139

Cited by 31 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Thus far, numerous techniques have been developed for the detection of these nerve agents, as well as their degradation products and simulants. These include gas chromatography [3], liquid chromatography [4], ion chromatography [5], capillary electrophoresis [6], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [7,8], liquid chromatographymass spectrometry [9], quartz-crystal microbalance [10], surface acoustic wave [11,12], metal oxide semiconductor [13,14], functionalized liquid crystal [15], microcantilever [16], interferometry [17], enzymatic assays [18][19][20], molecularly imprinted polymers [21], colorimetric method [22], fluorescent detection [23,24], electrochemical analysis [25,26], sensor array [27,28], and lab-on-chip technique [29]. However, the technology currently available is certainly not compatible with our needs in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, portability, low cost, ease of use, and rapid response [21,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of nerve agent hydrolytes in an engineered nanopore

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zoysa³

et al. 2009

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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a b s t r a c tWe report a stochastic nanopore sensing method for the detection of organophosphorus nerve agent hydrolysis products. By employing an engineered ␣-hemolysin single pore embedded in a planar lipid bilayer as the stochastic sensing element and ␤-cyclodextrin as a host molecule, trace amounts of soman and cyclosarin hydrolytes could be detected, with detection limits of 53 nM and 102 nM, respectively. Importantly, sarin, tabun, and VX hydrolysis products, as well as other common pesticides, do not interfere with detection of the analytes. The method offers the potential as a rapid and sensitive sensing technique for use in on-site analysis of nerve agents in environmental monitoring applications at the single-molecule level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of nerve agent hydrolytes in an engineered nanopore

Wang¹,

Zhao²,

Zoysa³

et al. 2009

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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“…This mode has been frequently used in prior exploratory studies designed to characterize both materials and analyte responses as well as cross-talk between sensing elements in the same array (13,15). Figure 5 (16) shows an example of an FTS plot for two sensors (one SnO 2 , the other TiO 2 ) exposed to the nerve agent GB (sarin) at a series of concentrations. This simple experiment shows that both the highly resistive TiO 2 and the more conductive SnO 2 are sensitive to sublethal concentrations of sarin [the 30-min median lethal concentration of GB is 800 nmol mol −1 (17)].…”

Section: Fixed-temperature Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting Chemical Hazards with Temperature-Programmed Microsensors: Overcoming Complex Analytical Problems with Multidimensional Databases

Meier

Raman

Semancik

2009

Annual Rev. Anal. Chem.

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Complex analytical problems, such as detecting trace quantities of hazardous chemicals in challenging environments, require solutions that most effectively extract relevant information about a sample's composition. This review presents a chemiresistive microarray-based approach to identifying targets that combines temperature-programmed elements capable of rapidly generating analytically rich data sets with statistical pattern recognition algorithms for extracting multivariate chemical fingerprints. We describe the chemical-microsensor platform and discuss its ability to generate orthogonal data through materials selection and temperature programming. Visual inspection of data sets reveals device selectivity, but statistical analyses are required to perform more complex identification tasks. Finally, we discuss recent advances in both devices and algorithms necessary to deal with practical issues involved in long-term deployment. These issues include identification and correction of signal drift, challenges surrounding real-time unsupervised operation, repeatable device manufacturability, and hierarchical classification schemes designed to deduce the chemical composition of untrained analyte species.

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“…The nanoparticle film is deposited over a microhotplate (mHP) fabricated by microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology employing microfabrication and micromachining processes 51 . It consists of a polysilicon meander heater over a silicon dioxide-silicon nitride platform (Fig.…”

Section: Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-based Chemiresistor Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle-based Sensors

Khanna

2008

DSJ

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Nanoparticles exhibit several unique properties that can be applied to develop chemical and biosensors possessing desirable features like enhanced sensitivity and lower detection limits. Gold nanoparticles are coated with sugars tailored to recognise different biological substances. When mixed with a weak solution of the sugar-coated nanoparticles, the target substance, e.g., ricin or E.coli, attaches to the sugar, thereby altering its properties and changing the colour. Spores of bacterium labeled with carbon dots have been found to glow upon illumination when viewed with a confocal microscope. Enzyme/nanoparticle-based optical sensors for the detection of organophosphate (OP) compounds employ nanoparticle-modified fluorescence of an inhibitor of the enzyme to generate the signal for the OP compound detection. Nanoparticles shaped as nanoprisms, built of silver atoms, appear red on exposure to light. These nanoparticles are used as diagnostic labels that glow when target DNA, e.g., those of anthrax or HIV, are present. Of great importance are tools like gold nanoparticle-enhanced surface-plasmon resonance sensor and silver nanoparticle surface-enhanced portable Raman integrated tunable sensor. Nanoparticle metal oxide chemiresistors using micro electro mechanical system hotplate are very promising devices for toxic gas sensing. Chemiresistors comprising thin films of nanogold particles, encapsulated in monomolecular layers of functionalised alkanethiols, deposited on interdigitated microelectrodes, show resistance changes through reversible absorption of vapours of harmful gases. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art sensors for chemical and biological terror agents, indicates their capabilities and applications, and presents the future scope of these devices.

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Chemical warfare agent detection using MEMS-compatible microsensor arrays

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Detection of nerve agent hydrolytes in an engineered nanopore

Detection of nerve agent hydrolytes in an engineered nanopore

Detecting Chemical Hazards with Temperature-Programmed Microsensors: Overcoming Complex Analytical Problems with Multidimensional Databases

Nanoparticle-based Sensors

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