Chemical versus mechanical inhibition of fouling in the red alga Dilsea carnosa

Nylund, Göran M.; Pavia, Henrik

doi:10.3354/meps299111

Cited by 63 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…1). One explanation for this observation was the low physical renewal of epithelial algal tissue or surface sloughing (Wahl 1997, Nylund & Pavia 2005). An alternative explanation was the possibility of a targeted chemical defense against certain microbial species, leading to a numerically similar but compositionally different microbial community profile in comparison to undefended substrates (Harder et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many marine algae have evolved efficient strategies to control epibiosis either chemically by producing defensive compounds (Nylund & Pavia 2003, Bhadury & Wright 2004, Fusetani 2004) and/or physically by sloughing and secreting mucus , Nylund & Pavia 2005. It has been shown that macroalgae produce antibacterial (Devi et al 1997, Hellio et al 2000, antifungal (König & Wright 1997, Hellio et al 2000, and antilarval compounds (De Nys et al 1995, Schmitt et al 1995, Walters et al 1996, Harder & Qian 2000, Hellio et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allelochemical defense against epibiosis in the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata

Dobretsov¹,

Dahms²,

Harder³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The abundance and diversity of microorganisms on the surface of the tropical green macroalga Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata and the effect of algal surface and waterborne compounds on fouling organisms were investigated both in laboratory and field experiments. As shown via electron microscopic enumeration, the abundance of epibiotic bacteria and diatoms on algal frond surfaces was not significantly different from the reference biofilms harvested from stones in the C. racemosa habitat. The analysis of Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of DNA from algal surface-associated bacterial communities revealed that despite a similar abundance of these bacteria, the community profile on algal frond surfaces differed significantly from that of inanimate, undefended substrates. These results suggest that the alga regulate the occurrence of certain bacterial ribotypes. This result was in accordance with the fact that different bacterial communities formed on the artificial substrata (i.e. Petri dishes) placed in the C. racemosa habitat and alga-free control sites. Neither C. racemosa conditioned seawater (CCW) nor hexane surface extracts affected the growth of bacterial isolates from biofilms. However, only CCW exhibited a toxic effect on the larvae of the fouling polychaete Hydroides elegans, and evoked abnormal larval development in a concentration-dependent fashion. At sublethal concentrations, the <1 kD fraction of CCW inhibited the larval settlement of H. elegans and the bryozoan Bugula neritina. Caulerpenyne, the prominent bioactive metabolite in the genus Caulerpa, was not detected in CCW by chromatographic procedures. Our data suggest that waterborne compounds other than caulerpenyne are involved in the chemical defense of the alga C. racemosa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelochemical defense against epibiosis in the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata

Dobretsov¹,

Dahms²,

Harder³

et al. 2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…It may be that their chitinous exoskeleton renders these bryozoans more resistant to secondary metabolites. Anti-fouling metabolites extracted from the red alga Dilsea carnosa off the west coast of Sweden inhibited recruitment of some fouling organisms, but were ineffective against fouling by M. membranacea and E. pilosa (Nylund & Pavia 2005) The distribution of microflora along the length of the blade may affect settlement of larval epibionts (Stebbing 1972). Since the spatial patterns in microflora along a kelp blade are likely correlated with its age, the presence or absence of a particular taxon may be used as a cue for younger tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective settlement by larvae of Membranipora membranacea and Electra pilosa (Ectoprocta) along kelp blades in Nova Scotia, Canada

Denley¹,

Meta×as²,

Short³

2014

Aquat. Biol.

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Many larval sessile marine invertebrates exhibit settlement preferences, and larval behavioral responses to cues at settlement can ultimately influence the distribution of adults and an individual's lifetime fitness. Two epifaunal bryozoans, the invasive Membranipora membranacea and the native Electra pilosa, commonly co-occur on kelp species in the subtidal habitats of Nova Scotia, Canada. Outbreaks of M. membranacea have been linked to mass defoliation of the kelp canopy; however, E. pilosa has not been associated with any significant effect on its host substrate. To examine whether larvae of M. membranacea and E. pilosa exhibit settlement preference for a particular location along the blades of the kelps Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata, abundances of newly settled colonies were quantified at different locations along the kelp blade. Algae were sampled at 2 sites on the southwestern shore of Nova Scotia (The Lodge and Feltzen South) from September 2009 to October 2010, over one complete cycle of the annual life cycle of M. membranacea, and thus over a wide range of bryozoan percent cover. Settlers of both bryozoans were significantly more abundant towards the younger, more proximal regions of blades of both kelps across all sampling periods. These patterns did not vary seasonally with increasing colony density. Both M. membranacea and E. pilosa larvae showed preferential settlement, suggesting that they can detect small-scale differences in habitat quality at the scale of a single kelp blade.

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“…Seaweeds may defend themselves against bacterial fouling by physical means, such as sloughing of the outermost cell layers (Johnson & Mann 1986, Keats et al 1997, Nylund & Pavia 2005, by physiological responses, such as oxidative bursts (Collen et al 1995, Weinberger & Friedlander 2000, or by production of secondary metabolites, that prevent attachment and growth of bacteria (Maximilien et al 1998). Seaweeds are rich in secondary metabolites (see Tringali 1997), and earlier (summarized by Aubert et al 1979, Sridhar & Vidyavathi 1991 as well as more recent studies (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical inhibition of bacterial colonization by the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera

Nylund¹,

Cervin²,

Hermansson³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Attachment and growth are 2 major processes in bacterial colonization of surfaces in the sea. By inhibiting either or both of these processes, marine macroorganisms may defend themselves against bacterial infection and fouling. We tested crude extracts from 5 red seaweed species for their ability to inhibit bacterial growth and attachment. For this we used 11 strains of bacteria, representing 5 different taxonomic groups. The effects on growth and attachment were tested by a standard disc-diffusion assay and by incorporating crude extracts into phytagel blocks that served as a surface for bacterial attachment. Extracts from one of the tested algae, Bonnemaisonia hamifera, were particularly active and inhibited growth of 9 bacteria at concentrations volumetrically equivalent to whole algal tissue, or lower. The other 4 algal extracts had weak growth-inhibiting effects on only a few bacterial strains. None of the algal extracts exhibited broad-spectrum effects against bacterial attachment, but 4 of 5 algal extracts had some strain-specific effects. Surface extracts of B. hamifera tested on bacteria showed that metabolites are naturally present at sufficiently high concentrations in order to inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the seaweed. In situ quantification of bacteria on B. hamifera also showed that this alga had significantly fewer bacteria on its surface compared to a coexisting alga. These findings suggest that B. hamifera naturally reduces its epibacterial abundance by production of broad-spectrum growth-inhibiting secondary metabolites. This is one of a few examples where ecologically relevant effects of algal metabolites on bacterial colonization have been shown.

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Chemical versus mechanical inhibition of fouling in the red alga Dilsea carnosa

Cited by 63 publications

References 47 publications

Allelochemical defense against epibiosis in the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata

Allelochemical defense against epibiosis in the macroalga Caulerpa racemosa var. turbinata

Selective settlement by larvae of Membranipora membranacea and Electra pilosa (Ectoprocta) along kelp blades in Nova Scotia, Canada

Chemical inhibition of bacterial colonization by the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera

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