Chemical variability of groundwater samples collected from a coal seam gas exploration well, Maramarua, New Zealand

Taulis, Mauricio; Milke, Mark W.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2012.11.003

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, the Australian Government, Authorities that include 20 other parameters that are required to be tested prior to the CS water being used for hydrostatic testing or low point drain release and this is described in The difference between the Environmental Authority for the same water quality parameters and the same applications is of significance. It has been shown in other studies worldwide that there may be regional differences of large or small scales in CS water and this may or may not correspond to the differences in concentration limits for the water quality parameters in the Queensland legislation through the Environmental Authority [1,5,38,42,44,50]. CSG operating companies through water quality monitoring programs may be able to provide region specific water quality data.…”

Section: Legislative Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exploration wells in the Surat Basin consist of a number of wells in a potential location, which are observed over time and are assessed based on water and gas content. A large amount of water is initially extracted to enable the start of gas removal from the coal seam [8,38]. The pressure of each well is a determining factor in how much water must be extracted prior to the gas being released [8].…”

Section: Extraction and Production Of Coal Seam Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geological profile can have impermeable layers e.g. clay above and below the coal seam and this also contributes to the ability of the coal seam to trap CSG [38]. Mining of CSG in the Surat Basin involves drilling of vertical and/or lateral wells from the surface to depths of between 200 and 800 m to within the coal seam [10].…”

Section: Extraction and Production Of Coal Seam Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the extraction of CSG varying amounts of CS water will be produced from each well [4,38,42]. This is a consequence of the amount of pressure that is acting on the coal seam, and over time the amount of water will decrease and the amount of CSG extracted will increase until the CSG is depleted [42].…”

Section: Extraction and Production Of Coal Seam Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and high alkalinity [1,38,44]. Although similarities exist, it has been noted that variation in chemical composition can exist between samples taken from a single well over time and can be due to factors such as pressure loss when the CS water is brought to the surface, interaction of the CS water with the atmosphere or temperature at the surface [38].…”

Section: Legislative and Re-use Options Of Cs Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coal Seam Gas Water Quality and Impacts on Downstream Treatment Technologies

Rebello¹

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The coal seam gas (CSG) industry in Australia is of significant importance economically, especially in Queensland where a substantial increase in the amount of gas extracted over the past six years has occurred. CSG formation, relation to local geological features, extraction approach and the potential impact/benefits of coal seam (CS) water has been considered by reviewing the location of CSG wells in relation to each other, the depth of the well in relation to the coal seam with which the CSG is associated, and the quality of the CS water compared with the requirements for each beneficial use application. An outline of the limited current legislative requirements on physical and chemical properties of CS water as regulated by the Queensland Government is provided, as well as the current treatment technologies used by the major CSG companies to ensure compliance with these requirements. Water quality from 150 CSG production wells from the Surat Basin, Queensland has been analysed and compared within and between multiple gas fields in a small geographic area prior to any storage, disposal and treatment. Chemical analysis revealed the CS water to have high bicarbonate, high sodium, and low calcium, low magnesium and very low sulfate concentrations. The chemical analysis also confirmed that the pre-treatment concentration levels of specific parameters such as sodium, chloride, total dissolved solids, and sodium adsorption ratio were above that required for use by agricultural and industrial sectors, therefore requiring treatment prior to use. This study has shown that the amount of each type of mineral that comprises coal, such as clay, sulfide ores, oxide ores, quartz and phosphates, may explain the water quality patterns by assessing the mineral content of the associated CS water in relation to the chemical composition of Surat Basin coal

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Section: Legislative Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction and Production Of Coal Seam Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction and Production Of Coal Seam Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Extraction and Production Of Coal Seam Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Legislative and Re-use Options Of Cs Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coal Seam Gas Water Quality and Impacts on Downstream Treatment Technologies

Rebello¹

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Compositional data analysis as a robust tool to delineate hydrochemical facies within and between gas‐bearing aquifers

Owen

Pawlowsky‐Glahn

Egozcue

et al. 2016

Water Resources Research

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Isometric log ratios of proportions of major ions, derived from intuitive sequential binary partitions, are used to characterize hydrochemical variability within and between coal seam gas (CSG) and surrounding aquifers in a number of sedimentary basins in the USA and Australia. These isometric log ratios are the coordinates corresponding to an orthonormal basis in the sample space (the simplex). The characteristic proportions of ions, as described by linear models of isometric log ratios, can be used for a mathematical-descriptive classification of water types. This is a more informative and robust method of describing water types than simply classifying a water type based on the dominant ions. The approach allows (a) compositional distinctions between very similar water types to be made and (b) large data sets with a high degree of variability to be rapidly assessed with respect to particular relationships/compositions that are of interest. A major advantage of these techniques is that major and minor ion components can be comprehensively assessed and subtle processes-which may be masked by conventional techniques such as Stiff diagrams, Piper plots, and classic ion ratios-can be highlighted. Results show that while all CSG groundwaters are dominated by Na, HCO 3 , and Cl ions, the proportions of other ions indicate they can evolve via different means and the particular proportions of ions within total or subcompositions can be unique to particular basins. Using isometric log ratios, subtle differences in the behavior of Na, K, and Cl between CSG water types and very similar Na-HCO 3 water types in adjacent aquifers are also described. A complementary pair of isometric log ratios, derived from a geochemically-intuitive sequential binary partition that is designed to reflect compositional variability within and between CSG groundwater, is proposed. These isometric log ratios can be used to model a hydrochemical pathway associated with methanogenesis and/or to delineate groundwater associated with high gas concentrations.

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