Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of conducting polymers: Polypyrrole

Mohammadi, Asadollah; Hasan, Mona; Liedberg, Bo; Lundström, Ingemar; Salaneck, W. R.

doi:10.1016/0379-6779(86)90183-9

Cited by 150 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Several research groups [25,[40][41][42][43][44] have made the assignments of vibration modes of PPy. The spectra e of Figure 3 (polypyrrole powder synthesized with FeCl 3 , so called PPy-Cl) contains bands at 1540 cm −1 (C-C stretching vibrations in pyrrole ring) [25], at 1459 cm -1 (C-N stretching vibration in the ring) [25]; from 1400 cm -1 to 1250 cm -1 (broad band, C-H or C-N in-plane deformation modes of secondary aromatic amines) [25,42], bands from 1250 to 1100 cm -1 (vibrations of the pyrrole ring) [25], characteristic for oxidized polypyrrole.…”

Section: Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole-modified starch films: structural, thermal, morphological and electrical characterization

et al. 2010

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Section: Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole-modified starch films: structural, thermal, morphological and electrical characterization

et al. 2010

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“…Vapor phase polymerization (VPP) was first described by Mohamadi et al [20] as a CVD process using FeCl 3 as oxidants for polymerization of polypyrrole films. Then using Fe(III) tosylate as the oxidant has been reported an excellent route to form both smooth and highly conducting films [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiFePO4/C-polypyrrole composite prepared by a simple chemical vapor deposition method

Gong

Yang

et al. 2011

J Solid State Electrochem

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(2012), Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiFePO4/C-polypyrrole composite prepared by a simple chemical vapor deposition method, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 16(4), pp. 1383-1388. Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiFePO4/Cpolypyrrole composite prepared by a simple chemical vapor deposition method AbstractA LiFePO 4 /C-polypyrrole (LiFePO 4 /C-PPy) composite as a high-performance cathode material is successfully prepared through a simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. According to the transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis, the surface of the LiFePO 4 /C is surrounded with PPy in the LiFePO 4 /C-PPy composite. The as-prepared LiFePO 4 /C-PPy material shows outstanding rate capability at 20°C and good cycle performance at 55°C in comparison with those of the bare LiFePO 4 /C material against Li anode. After 700 cycles, the discharge capacity of LiFePO 4 /C-PPy could still remain 110 mA h g −1 with the retention of 82% at 5 C rate at 55°C. This could be ascribed to the fact that PPy coating on LiFePO 4 /C could significantly improve the ionic conductivity of the LiFePO 4 /C-PPy composite and could greatly reduce the electrode resistance. Furthermore, the PPy coating on LiFePO 4 /C could effectively decrease the dissolution of Fe in the LiPF 6 electrolyte and subsequently suppress the reduction of Fe ions on anode.

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“…This is supported by the infrared (IR) absorption spectra. The intensity of the IR absorption band at 1040 cm -1 , attributable to Cµ-H in-plane vibration, 16 decreases as the proportion of covalently bonded bromine increases. Furthermore, for samples with high covalent to ionic ratio, the hydrogen content decreases substantially from the theoretical C: H : N ratio of 4: 3 : 1 for a linear chain of disubstituted pyrrole rings.…”

Section: Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESCA Analysis of Polymer–Acceptor Interactions in Chemically Synthesized Polypyrrole–Halogen Complexes

Kang

Neoh

et al. 1988

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studied have been performed on conductive polypyrrole (PPY)-halogen complexes, such as PPY-I2, PPY-Br2, and PPY-Cl2 complexes, prepared by the simultaneous chemical polymerization and oxidation of pyrrole by the respective halogens. Substantial halogenation of the pyrrole ring was observed in the case of PPY -Cl2 and PPY-Br 2 complexes. In the case of PPY -Br 2 complex, the ratio of covalent to ionic bromide content can be effectively varied over a wide range by varying the bromine to monomer ratio used for polymerization. The increase in covalent bromide content causes a decrease in the electrical conductivity of the complex. The Nls spectra suggest the presence of positively charged nitrogen species and their possible contribution to the electrical conductivity of the complexes. The Cls spectra for all the complexes reveal that close to 1/3 of the carbon atoms may have been associated with structural disorder, as in the case of electrochemically prepared PPY s.KEY WORDS X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy / Polypyrrole-Halogen Complexes / Chemical Synthesis / Structural Disorder / Electrical Conductivity / Electroactive polymers have attracted a great deal of attention during the past decade because of their unusual electrical/electronic properties. A survey of the literature 1 -3 reveals that most of the recent interest on conductive polyheterocycles, polypyrrole (PPY) in particular, are devoted to the materials obtained from electrochemical polymerization and oxidation. For example, most of the Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Applications (ESCA) studies were centered on electrochemically prepared polypyrrole and related polyheterocycles. 4 -8 These ESCA studies provided information pertaining to the nature of interactions between polymeric cations and their counter anions, and the structural disorder in these polymers arising from these interactions. However, there are still certain discrepancies 4 · 6 between the results reported.Rather conductive PPY complexes have also EXPERIMENTAL Polymer SamplesThe polypyrrole samples used for this study consist of various polypyrrole-halogen complexes, such as PPY-1 2 , PPY-Br 2 , and PPYCl2 complexes. All samples were prepared via the simultaneous chemical polymerization and oxidation of pyrrole by the respective halogen acceptor according to the methods reported earlier. 12 · 13 The PPY-Br2 and PPY-Cl2 complexes were prepared .in acetonitrile while the PPY-1 2 complex was prepared in an aqueous medium. In the case of PPY-Br 2 complexes, and to a lesser extent the PPY-Cl 2 and PPY-12 complexes, the amount of acceptor incorporated in the final complexes can be effectively varied by varying the monomer to halogen ratio used for the polymerization process. The final physicochemical and electrical properties of the PPY complexes are strongly affected by the type of acceptor incorporated and the nature of the polymer-acceptor interactions. ESCA MeasurementsX-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were made on pow...

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Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of conducting polymers: Polypyrrole

Cited by 150 publications

References 20 publications

Polypyrrole-modified starch films: structural, thermal, morphological and electrical characterization

Polypyrrole-modified starch films: structural, thermal, morphological and electrical characterization

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of LiFePO4/C-polypyrrole composite prepared by a simple chemical vapor deposition method

ESCA Analysis of Polymer–Acceptor Interactions in Chemically Synthesized Polypyrrole–Halogen Complexes

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