Chemical vapor deposited polymer layer for efficient passivation of planar perovskite solar cells

Byranvand, Mahdi Malekshahi; Behboodi-Sadabad, Farid; Eliwi, Abed Alrhman; Trouillet, Vanessa; Welle, Alexander; Ternes, Simon; Hossain, Ihteaz M.; Khan, Motiur Rahman; Schwenzer, Jonas A.; Farooq, Amjad; Richards, Bryce S.; Lahann, Joerg; Paetzold, Ulrich W.

doi:10.1039/d0ta06646j

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…This reduced carrier collection capability is likely induced by the presence of organic materials (MAI, hydrated phases) at interfaces and grain boundaries. Pathways to improve the quality of the perovskite layer and device efficiencies include (i) fine-tuning the CVD deposition process parameters (process duration, T crucible , T substrate ) to prevent any oversaturation of organohalides, (ii) reducing the deposition time to lower the thermal stress (currently T substrate of 120 or 140 °C for 2 to 3 h), (iii) introducing a more efficient surface cleaning procedure to remove the excess of organohalides and to passivate the perovskite surface, , (iv) using a more chemically stable bottom electrode such as fluorinated tin oxide (FTO). , It is also worth mentioning that the limited carrier collection also decreases the fill factor (FF) and V oc due to increased charge carrier recombination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor Transport Deposition of Methylammonium Iodide for Perovskite Solar Cells

Sahli

Miaz

Salsi

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Vapor-based processes are promising options to deposit metal halide perovskite solar cells in an industrial environment due to their ability to deposit uniform layers over large areas in a controlled environment without resorting to the use of (possibly toxic) solvents. In addition, they yield conformal layers on rough substrates, an important aspect in view of producing perovskite/ crystalline silicon tandem solar cells featuring a textured silicon wafer for light management. While the inorganic precursors of the perovskite are well suited for thermal evaporation in high vacuum, the sublimation of the organic ones is more complex to control due to their high vapor pressure. To tackle this issue, we developed a vapor transport deposition chamber for organohalide deposition that physically dissociates the organic vapor evaporation zone from the deposition chamber. Once evaporated, organic vapors, here methylammonium iodide (MAI), are transported to the deposition chamber by a carrier gas through a showerhead, ensuring a spatially homogeneous conversion of PbI 2 templates to the perovskite phase. The method enables the production of homogeneous perovskite layers on a textured 6 in. wafer. Furthermore, small-scale methylammonium lead iodide solar cells are also processed to validate the quality of the absorbers produced by this hybrid thermal evaporation/vapor transport deposition process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vapor Transport Deposition of Methylammonium Iodide for Perovskite Solar Cells

Sahli

Miaz

Salsi

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…However, the uncontrollable thickness and conformal coating of these polymers onto the polycrystalline perovskite films remain the main challenge in this regard. In response to this challenge, very recently, Byranvand et al [ 14 ] developed a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization as a new solvent‐free technique for conformally depositing an ultrathin poly( p ‐xylylene) (PPX) layer as an insulating polymer onto a perovskite film. As schematically shown in Figure 13c, the radicalized monomer was polymerized on top of the cooled perovskite substrates in the polymerization chamber.…”

Section: Passivation Via Insulating Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted tremendous attention as an alternative to silicon‐based photovoltaics due to their lower cost and low‐temperature processing, even being able to be deposited on flexible substrates using widely available solution deposition techniques. [ 1–3 ] Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single‐junction PSCs has reached 25.2% [ 4,5 ] by optimizing the composition, [ 6–8 ] morphology, [ 9–11 ] and interfaces [ 12–15 ] of perovskite films. This excellent efficiency has been achieved due to the unique properties of perovskite materials, such as the high absorption coefficient, long diffusion length, and outstanding carrier mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect Passivation of Perovskite Films for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Byranvand

Saliba

2021

Solar RRL

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been introduced as an attractive photovoltaic technology over the past decade due to their low‐cost processing, earth‐abundant raw materials, and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 25.2%. However, the relatively high density of defects within the bulk, grain boundaries, and surface of polycrystalline perovskite films acts as recombination centers and facilitates ion migration, lowering the theoretical PCE ceiling, often leading to inferior device stability. Therefore, understanding the defect sources and developing passivation methods are key factors for reaching higher PCEs and stabilities in perovskite photovoltaics. Herein, various passivation methods, including bulk and surface treatment of perovskite films, are explored. In the bulk treatment, the passivating agents should be directly added to the perovskite precursor. However, in the surface treatment method, the surface of perovskite films can be treated by inducing passivating agents during the intermediate phase or after annealing steps, denoted here as in‐film or surface posttreatment. In addition, different kinds of passivating agents are categorized based on their functional groups. Finally, the outline directions to minimize the defects in perovskite films are highlighted.

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“…Issues such as UV light degradation, thermal degradation, reaction with radicals and light-formed radicals, reaction with oxygen, the chemical reaction between different layers at the interface, and interfacial recombination impose a significant challenge to enhance and commercialize MHPs. This hot topic has directed a good portion of the research effort toward interfacial engineering as a tool to overcome these issues. − In this section, we focus on presenting some interfacial issues and ways to solve or enhance them using various methods such as the insertion of interfacial layers, passivation, and fabrication treatment.…”

Section: Perovskite Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interfaces and Interfacial Carrier Dynamics in Perovskites

Alfurayj

Burda

2021

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Metal halide perovskites are currently among the most promising materials to reshape our renewable energy future through photovoltaics. Nevertheless, they are also among the more complicated materials to understand and to engineer functional photovoltaics devices from. Their current performance efficiencies have not reached the highest predicted value of 30.06%. Many efforts have been dedicated to developing MHP materials, while fewer efforts were directed to understand and engineer the interfaces and interfacial properties in MHPs. Recently, the understanding and engineering of interfacial properties in MHPs have become a hot topic due to the vital role of interfaces, especially carrier dynamics, on device stability and efficiency. This perspective highlights the importance of focusing research on interfaces and interfacial carrier dynamics in metal halide perovskites. After introducing current challenges in MHPs interfaces and interfacial engineering, we provide a perspective on the contribution that different time-resolved laser spectroscopies add to the growing field of perovskite photovoltaics.

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Chemical vapor deposited polymer layer for efficient passivation of planar perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Controlling the thickness and homogeneity of thin passivation layers on polycrystalline perovskite thin films is challenging. We report CVD polymerization of poly(p-xylylene) layers at controlled substrate temperatures for efficient surface passivation of perovskite films.

Cited by 30 publications

References 66 publications

Vapor Transport Deposition of Methylammonium Iodide for Perovskite Solar Cells

Vapor Transport Deposition of Methylammonium Iodide for Perovskite Solar Cells

Defect Passivation of Perovskite Films for Highly Efficient and Stable Solar Cells

Interfaces and Interfacial Carrier Dynamics in Perovskites

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