Chemical treatments to enhance surface quality of FFF manufactured parts: a systematic review

Castro-Casado, Daniel

doi:10.1007/s40964-020-00163-1

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The chemical processing method reduced the roughness compared to the control and thermal groups, data also reported by Valerga et al (2019) , where PLA samples with chemical PP of immersion in CHCl 3 showed a 97 % reduction in roughness ( Valerga et al, 2019 ). This reduction can be explained by the loss of the volatile solvent from the surface of the material, which acquires a viscous appearance, and under the influence of gravity and surface tension, the irregularities were reduced, and the smoothness of the surface was increased ( Castro-Casado, 2021 , Valerga Puerta et al, 2021 ). Nevertheless, this reduction in surface roughness did not influence microbial adhesion, since it still showed values much higher than 0.2 μm, which may explain the lack of microbial reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of post-processing on the adhesion of dual-species biofilm on polylactic acid obtained by additive manufacturing

Ferreira,

de Campos,

Sahm

et al. 2024

The Saudi Dental Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of post-processing on the adhesion of dual-species biofilm on polylactic acid obtained by additive manufacturing

Ferreira,

de Campos,

Sahm

et al. 2024

The Saudi Dental Journal

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“…As mentioned, the surgical retractors were manufactured using the printing parameters providing the least sealing and fastest manufacturing time, and then exposed to cold acetone vapors for 45 min [ 26 ]. This method of treatment was shown in the literature to determine a more gradual and uniform smoothing than hot acetone vapor or immersion, and with less dimensional degradation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPE made of PLA were rinsed in pure acetone for smoothing the surface and closing the external pores as shown in SEM (scanning electron microscopy) investigations. Vapor acetone is often reported as surface treatment for improving the prints surface quality [ 25 , 26 ] and for sterilization in medical applications [ 27 ]. However, no study was found on the combined effect of the acetone treatment and medical decontamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Disinfectants Absorption and Medical Decontamination on the Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

et al. 2021

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Producing parts by 3D printing based on the material extrusion process determines the formation of air gaps within layers even at full infill density, while external pores can appear between adjacent layers making prints permeable. For the 3D-printed medical devices, this open porosity leads to the infiltration of disinfectant solutions and body fluids, which might pose safety issues. In this context, this research purpose is threefold. It investigates which 3D printing parameter settings are able to block or reduce permeation, and it experimentally analyzes if the disinfectants and the medical decontamination procedure degrade the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts. Then, it studies acetone surface treatment as a solution to avoid disinfectants infiltration. The absorption tests results indicate the necessity of applying post-processing operations for the reusable 3D-printed medical devices as no manufacturing settings can ensure enough protection against fluid intake. However, some parameter settings were proven to enhance the sealing, in this sense the layer thickness being the most important factor. The experimental outcomes also show a decrease in the mechanical performance of 3D-printed ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) instruments treated by acetone cold vapors and then medical decontaminated (disinfected, cleaned, and sterilized by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization) in comparison to the control prints. These results should be acknowledged when designing and 3D printing medical instruments.

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“…In the FDM process, also known as the MEX (material extrusion) process [ 4 ], one of the most widely used materials, at the expense of petroleum-based polymers [ 5 , 6 ], is polylactic acid (PLA), a polymer that has a semi-crystalline structure, is biodegradable, and has good physical properties. Since the manufacturing process results in parts with low mechanical and thermal properties [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], the literature also presents different methods to improve these properties by reinforcing the polymer with other materials such as carbon fibre [ 10 ], glass fibre [ 11 ], and natural fibre [ 12 ], and post-processing methods, such as heat treatment [ 13 , 14 , 15 ] or chemical treatment [ 16 , 17 ], which involve additional steps and costs, thus also increasing the manufacturing time. Regarding the application of heat treatment on parts made of PLA by the FDM method, several research studies have been carried out [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], and it has been proven that the mechanical properties of the tested specimens improved drastically when the obtained parts were subjected to heat treatment post-processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of In-Process Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polymer PLA

et al. 2023

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The scientific literature regarding additive manufacturing, mainly the material extrusion method, suggests that the mechanical characteristics of the parts obtained by this technology depend on a number of the input factors specific to the printing process, such as printing temperature, printing trajectory, layer height, etc., and also on the post-process operations for parts, which, unfortunately, requires supplementary setups, equipment, and multiple steps that raise the overall costs. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the influence of the printing direction, the thickness of the deposited material layer, and the temperature of the previously deposited material layer on the part tensile strength, hardness by means of Shore D and Martens hardness, and surface finish by using an in-process annealing method. A Taguchi L9 DOE plan was developed for this purpose, where the test specimens, with dimensions according to ISO 527-2 type B, were analysed. The results showed that the presented in-process treatment method is possible and could lead to sustainable and cost-effective manufacturing processes. The varied input factors influenced all the studied parameters. Tensile strength tended to increase, up to 12.5%, when the in-process heat treatment was applied, showed a positive linear variation with nozzle diameter, and presented considerable variations with the printing direction. Shore D and Martens hardness had similar variations, and it could be observed that by applying the mentioned in-process heat treatment, the overall values tended to decrease. Printing direction had a negligible impact on the additively manufactured parts’ hardness. At the same time, the nozzle diameter presented considerable variations, up to 36% for Martens hardness and 4% for Shore D, when higher diameter nozzles were used. The ANOVA analysis highlighted that the statistically significant factors were the nozzle diameter for the part’s hardness and the printing direction for the tensile strength.

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Chemical treatments to enhance surface quality of FFF manufactured parts: a systematic review

Cited by 17 publications

References 75 publications

Influence of post-processing on the adhesion of dual-species biofilm on polylactic acid obtained by additive manufacturing

Influence of post-processing on the adhesion of dual-species biofilm on polylactic acid obtained by additive manufacturing

The Effect of Disinfectants Absorption and Medical Decontamination on the Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed ABS Parts

Experimental Study of In-Process Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Thermoplastic Polymer PLA

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