Chemical transformations in technical cashew nut shell liquid and isolated mixture of cardanols, evaluation of the antioxidant activity and thermal stability of the products for use in pure biodiesel

Costa, Kênia de P.; Viveiros, Barbara Maia de; Schmidt, Marco Aurelio S.; Suarez, Paulo A. Z.; Rezende, Michelle J. C.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.111

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…h (d 129.4 ppm), l (d 120.9 ppm), m (d 115.4 ppm) and o (d 112.5 ppm) correspond to the carbon nuclei of the aromatic ring of cardanol and are present in both spectra. 11 The signals at c (d 136.9 ppm) and n (d 114.8 ppm) are related to the carbons of the vinyl group in the triolefinic structure. 52 As already identified by the 1 H NMR analyses of the two reagents, this structure was not present in the spectra of the purified material, so these signals, as well as other signals related to this structure, are absent in the DCN spectrum.…”

Section: Reactions Involving the Aromatic Ring And The Oh Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides this, heating unleashes polymerization reactions of the unsaturated compounds, causing the aging of the oil. 8,10,11 Cardanol can be obtained with high conversion rates from technical CNSL by distilling the oil in a low-pressure system. At the end of the process, an opaque to translucent yellowish liquid is separated out, containing saturated (ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of Polycardanol Using BF3.O(C2H5)2 as Initiator: Influence of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Products

Martins¹,

Aversa²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Cardanol acts to stabilize asphaltene particles in crude oil, but its derivative polycardanol, synthesized with BF3.O(C2H5)2 as initiator, exhibits divergent behavior, acting as both asphaltenes stabilizer and flocculant. This behavior could be related to structural differences in polycardanol samples. Therefore, in this work, we study the influence of some polymerization conditions (monomer purity, initiator concentration, and reaction time) on the structures and molar masses of the reaction products, and the reaction conversion. The materials were characterized by size‑exclusion chromatography and hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance. When reacting with distilled cardanol, the conversion, the molar mass, and the homogeneity of structures increased as increasing initiator concentration in the range tested (1-3% m/m). For both monomers (different purity degrees), when using a lower initiator concentration (1% m/m), the product contained a larger amount of unreacted monomer and different structures were obtained due to the occurrence of rearrangements. The presence of triolefinic molecules in the monomer provoked crosslinked structures for higher initiator concentration (2-3% m/m). This study elucidated the differences among the reaction products of polycardanol.

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Section: Reactions Involving the Aromatic Ring And The Oh Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Polycardanol Using BF3.O(C2H5)2 as Initiator: Influence of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Products

Martins¹,

Aversa²,

Silva³

et al. 2023

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Various synthetic routes can be used to provide CNSL surfactants and monomers. However, CNSL is usually oxidised to give epoxide derivatives, which can be further modified to provide polyols with antioxidant properties or reacted with acrylic acid to produce photopolymerisable monomers [186,187] …”

Section: Fruits and Nuts As Potential Brazilian Renewable Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities for the Use of Brazilian Biomass to Produce Renewable Chemicals and Materials

et al. 2020

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This Review highlights the principal crops of Brazil and how their harvest waste can be used in the chemicals and materials industries. The Review covers various plants; with grains, fruits, trees and nuts all being discussed. Native and adopted plants are included and studies on using these plants as a source of chemicals and materials for industrial applications, polymer synthesis, medicinal use and in chemical research are discussed. The main aim of the Review is to highlight the principal Brazilian agricultural resources; such as sugarcane, oranges and soybean, as well as secondary resources, such as andiroba brazil nut, buriti and others, which should be explored further for scientific and technological applications. Furthermore, vegetable oils, carbohydrates (starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignocellulose and pectin), flavones and essential oils are described as well as their potential applications.

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“…The technical CNSL is obtained through the extraction process involving the heating of the almonds at a temperature of 180-200 C. When the anacardic acid is subjected to high temperatures, it undergoes a decarboxylation reaction and is converted to cardanol, producing the technical CNSL. 10 The technical CNSL contains mainly cardanol 11 (60-65%), cardol (15-20%), polymeric material (10%), and traces of methylcardol. The natural CNSL, in turn, is extracted by means of solvents and presses and it constituted anacardic acid (60-65%), cardol (15-20%), cardanol (10%), and traces of metilcardol.…”

Section: Cnslmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and application of a selective coating for solar collectors from of the cashew nut shell liquid

Pinho

Freire

Araújo

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Solar energy is the most promising energy source, due to its great availability and applicability in thermal energy applications. However, researchers still experience technological and economical challenge, since many systems that use this energy still have low efficiency and high cost. In this way, the development of new materials and technologies to increase the efficiency of solar thermal collectors is both a challenge and a necessity. In this context, the objective of this work is to obtain and analyze selective surfaces for solar thermal collectors, using cashew nut shell liquid. The cashew nut shell liquid can be classified as technical or natural, depending on the mode of extraction of cashew liquid. An experimental bench was built to simulate a flat plate solar collector under real operating conditions. For comparative purposes, the tests were performed between the cashew nut shell liquid and the commercial surface (MRTiNOX). In order to verify the structure morphology and the chemical composition of the surface, analyzes were performed by scanning electron microscopy. In order to identify the presence of components after the sintering process, the infrared analysis technique was used. To analyze the surface absorbance, the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy absorbance technique was used. With the tests in real conditions, it was possible to perform the temperature measurements, and later, with the energy balance, the absorptivity, emissivity, and efficiency were calculated. The technical cashew nut shell liquid presented efficiency of 42.86%, while the MRTiNOX, 41.8%. In contrast, natural cashew nut shell liquid obtained efficiency of 31.28%. Thus, the use of technical cashew nut shell liquid, a low-cost regional product, was presented as a viable and satisfactory solution for cost reduction in solar thermal collectors.

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Chemical transformations in technical cashew nut shell liquid and isolated mixture of cardanols, evaluation of the antioxidant activity and thermal stability of the products for use in pure biodiesel

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Synthesis of Polycardanol Using BF3.O(C2H5)2 as Initiator: Influence of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Products

Synthesis of Polycardanol Using BF3.O(C2H5)2 as Initiator: Influence of Polymerization Conditions on Reaction Products

Opportunities for the Use of Brazilian Biomass to Produce Renewable Chemicals and Materials

Characterization and application of a selective coating for solar collectors from of the cashew nut shell liquid

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