Chemical Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide (V2O5) Nanoparticles Prepared by Sodium Metavanadate

Abstract

Vanadium oxides (V 2 O 5 ) nanoparticles have been prepared using a simple chemical method by sodium metavanadate as precursor and Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The samples were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). As there are many forms of vanadium oxides produced during this process, x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to identify V 2 O 5 phases. The size of as-prepared nanoparticles was around 5 nm and average diameter of annealed one was around 10 nm. The effect of CTAB surfactant on the particle morphology showed that the size of particles reduce to 10 nm in presence of CTAB surfactant. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of V-O and V-O-V stretching mode. trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was added to the solution and synthesis temperature was increased to 80 o C. The color of solution changed from orange color to dark brown color. The pH was between 6 and 8 during the synthesis. After one hour, the color of solution changed to transparent yellow color. The product were evaporated for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature and finally calcined at 600 o C for 4 hours. All analyses were done for samples without any washing and more purification. The specification of the size, structure and optical properties of the as-synthesis and annealed vanadium oxide nanoparticles were carried out. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to identify the crystalline phase and to estimate the crystalline size. The XRD pattern were recorded with 2θ in the range of 4-85o with type X-Pert Pro MPD, Cu-Kα: λ = 1.54 Å. The morphology was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with type KYKY-EM3200, 25 kV and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with type Zeiss EM-900, 80 kV. All the measurements were carried out at room temperature. Figure 1a shows the XRD pattern of aluminium oxide before annealing. Figure 1b shows the X-ray diffraction patterns of the powder after heat treatment at 600 o C for 4 hours. The XRD patterns showed this sample have sharp peaks with (101), (400), (011), (301), (411) and (002) where, 0.89 is the shape factor, λ is the x-ray wavelength, B is the line broadening at half the maximum intensity (FWHM) in radians, and θ is the Bragg angle. The mean size annealed V 2 O 5 nanoparticles was around 10 nm from this Debye-Sherrer equation Keywords Result and DiscussionIn the next step, SEM analysis was used for the morphological study of nanoparticles of V 2 O 5 samples. These analyses show the nanoparticles are appeared in the samples by increasing annealing temperature. Figure 2a shows the SEM image of the as-prepared V 2 O 5 grains with formation of clusters. Figure 2b shows the SEM image of the annealed V 2 O 5 nanoparticle at 600 o C for 4 hours. The smallest diameter of V 2 O 5 nanoparticles formed was about 10 nm.TEM analysis was carried out to confirm the actual size of the particles, their growth pattern and the distribution of t...

Structural and Morphological Studies of V2O5/MWCNTs and ZrO2/MWCNTs Composites as Photocatalysts

“…Sharp peaks at ∼1052 cm −1 and ∼1014 cm −1 are the characteristics of the V � O vibrations mode. Two peaks centered at ∼730 cm −1 and below 650 cm −1 are attributed to asymmetric and symmetric stretch of V-O-V [23].…”

In-Operando Diffraction and Spectroscopic Evaluation of Pure, Zr-, and Ce-Doped Vanadium Dioxide Thermochromic Films Derived via Glycolate Synthesis

“…Undoped samples thermally treated at higher temperatures are characterised by bands at 1015 and 825 cm −1 . According to Slurca and Orel [ 34 ] and Farahmandjou and Abeiyan [ 35 ], those bands are typical for V 2 O 5 , with bands appearing between 950 and 1020 cm −1 corresponding to the V–O (vanadyl) stretching modes and bands between 700 and 900 cm −1 to the bridging V–O–V stretching. Additionally, Farahmandjou and Abeiyan ascribe the band at 730 cm −1 to the V–O–V asymmetric stretching.…”

Green synthesis of vanadium oxide-zirconium oxide nanocomposite for the degradation of methyl orange and picloram

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