Chemical Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Multi‐Element Nanoparticles

Abstract

Multi‐element nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of five or more elements have been increasingly studied in the past five years. Their emergence is taking materials science one step further because they exhibit superior properties to those of conventional NPs in a range of respects, including catalysis. This Review focuses on the recent progress in multi‐element NPs regarding synthesis, especially with regard to chemical synthesis, characterization, and properties. We begin with a brief introduction of multi‐element NPs and an overview of their synthesis methods. Then, we present representative examples of multi‐element alloy NPs and ceramic NPs, including oxide NPs prepared by chemical syntheses. This Review intends to provide useful insights into the chemical methods that are used to synthesize multi‐element NPs, and includes a discussion on the possibilities arising from their use in new functional materials.

Practical Considerations for Simulating the Plasmonic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles

“…As structurally complex systems are now being handled with advanced characterization, the next challenge for the field will be accurately modeling nanoscale systems comprised of multiple elements. Multielement nanoparticles are selected to obtain synergistic effects and new properties altogether. , However, the spatial arrangement of the different elements impacts the resultant properties. For example, Woessner et al showed that the spatial distribution of Pd within/on branched Au nanoparticles with O h symmetry impacts their sensitivity to changes in refractive index .…”

“…Multielement nanoparticles are selected to obtain synergistic effects and new properties altogether. 77,78 However, the spatial arrangement of the different elements impacts the resultant properties. For example, Woessner et al showed that the spatial distribution of Pd within/on branched Au nanoparticles with O h symmetry impacts their sensitivity to changes in refractive index.…”

Denary High-Entropy Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by a Continuous Supercritical Hydrothermal Flow Process

“…In addition, the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs), such as high catalytic activity due to a larger surface-to-volume ratio and unique local electronic states of the surface atoms, render them quite different from those of bulk materials. Therefore, the development of high-entropy nanomaterials can yield the fabrication of new types of materials, such as superior and highly stable catalysts. , …”

“…Therefore, the development of high-entropy nanomaterials can yield the fabrication of new types of materials, such as superior and highly stable catalysts. 7,8 Since the initial report by Rost et al, various studies of HEOs have been conducted. In the majority of these, the solidstate or sol−gel methods have been used as the synthetic method.…”