Chemical Studies of Rutherfordium (Element 104) : Part II. Solvent Extraction into Tributylphosphate from HBr Solutions

Kacher, Chris; Gregorich, Κ. Ε.; Lee, D. M.; Watanabe, Yoshihito; Kadkhodayan, Β.; Wierczinski, B.; Lane, Michael R.; Sylwester, E. R.; Keeney, D. A.; Hendricks, Μ.; Stoyer, Ν. J.; Yang, Jiqiu; Hsu, Ming-Yi; Hoffman, D.C.

doi:10.1524/ract.1996.75.3.127

Cited by 38 publications

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“…Experimental results about the Rf behavior in comparison with its lighter homologues (and pseudo-homologues) were obtained from: 1) extracting neutral species into tributylphosphate (TBP) with HCl and HBr solutions, [169][170][171][172] 2) extractions of anionic complexes with triisooctyl amine (TiOA) with HF and HCl solutions, [173,174] 3) ion-exchange studies of predominantly cationic species with HF and HNO 3 solutions, [175,176] 4) ion-exchange studies of predominantly anionic species with HF, HCl, and HNO 3 solutions, [123,127,128,175] 5) adsorption experiments on cobalt ferrocyanide. [177] In all of these experiments Rf nuclear decay was directly observed after the chemical separation procedure.…”

Section: Liquid-phase Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

2006

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The number of chemical elements has increased considerably in the last few decades. Most excitingly, these heaviest, man‐made elements at the far‐end of the Periodic Table are located in the area of the long‐awaited superheavy elements. While physical techniques currently play a leading role in these discoveries, the chemistry of superheavy elements is now beginning to be developed. Advanced and very sensitive techniques allow the chemical properties of these elusive elements to be probed. Often, less than ten short‐lived atoms, chemically separated one‐atom‐at‐a‐time, provide crucial information on basic chemical properties. These results place the architecture of the far‐end of the Periodic Table on the test bench and probe the increasingly strong relativistic effects that influence the chemical properties there. This review is focused mainly on the experimental work on superheavy element chemistry. It contains a short contribution on relativistic theory, and some important historical and nuclear aspects.

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Section: Liquid-phase Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

2006

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“…In previous solvent extraction experiments, Rf was extracted similarly into tributylphosphate (TBP) from both HCl [2,3] and HBr solutions [2], The following order of extraction was observed with increasing HCl concentration: Zr* + > Hf 4+ > Rf 4+ > Ti 4+ , and similarly, the following order of extraction was observed with increasing HBr concentration: Zr" + > Hf 4+ > Rf 4+ /Ti 4+ (further studies will be required to learn whether Rf or Ti comes next in the order of extraction). Here, Rf also behaves more similarly to Ti than to Zr and Hf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Studies of Rutherfordium (Element 104) : Part III. Solvent Extraction into Triisooctylamine from HF Solutions

Kacher¹,

Gregorich²,

Lee³

et al. 1996

Radiochimica Acta

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Element 104 / Rutherfordium / Transactinide chemistry / Triisooctylamine / Solvent extraction SummaryThe extraction of element 104, rutherfordium (Rf), and its group 4 homologs into 0.25 M triisooctylamine (TIOA) in o,m,p-xylene from various concentrations of hydrofluoric acid was studied. This extraction system was of particular interest because all group 4 cations studied formed complexes with the same coordination number (CN) of 6. Therefore, species extracted were similar and the extractability depends on the radii of the fluoride complexes. The studies showed that the extractability for the group 4 elements in this system decreases in the order Ti > Zr ~ Hf > Rf, in inverse order from the decrease in ionic radii Rf > Zr ~ Hf > Ti. This order is different than the order in the hydrolysis, TBP-HC1, and TBP-HBr extraction systems where Rf, due to decreasing CN, behaves more similarly to Ti than to Zr and Hf.

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“…These experiments show that Rf generally behaves as a group 4 element, but under some conditions, its behavior is more like Pu(IV) or Th(IV) (49,50).…”

Section: Renaissance and New Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

Hoffman

Lee

1999

J. Chem. Educ.

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FutureMore "In-Depth" Chemical Studies Chemistry beyond Seaborgium? 93 NpIn keeping with the goal of the Viewpoints series of the Journal of Chemical Education, this article gives a 75-year perspective of the chemistry of the heaviest elements, including a 50-year retrospective view of past developments, a summary of current research achievements and applications, and some predictions about exciting, new developments that might be envisioned within the next 25 years. A historical perspective of the importance of chemical separations in the discoveries of the transuranium elements from neptunium (Z = 93) through mendelevium (Z = 101) is given. The development of techniques for studying the chemical properties of mendelevium and still heavier elements on the basis of measuring the radioactive decay of a single atom ("atom-at-a-time" chemistry) and combining the results of many separate experiments is reviewed. The influence of relativistic effects (expected to increase as Z 2 ) on chemical properties is discussed. The results from recent atom-at-a-time studies of the chemistry of the heaviest elements through seaborgium (Z = 106) are summarized and show that their properties cannot be readily predicted based on simple extrapolation from the properties of their lighter homologues in the periodic table. The prospects for extending chemical studies to still heavier elements than seaborgium are considered and appear promising.

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Chemical Studies of Rutherfordium (Element 104) : Part II. Solvent Extraction into Tributylphosphate from HBr Solutions

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

Chemistry of Superheavy Elements

Chemical Studies of Rutherfordium (Element 104) : Part III. Solvent Extraction into Triisooctylamine from HF Solutions

Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements- One Atom at a Time

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