Chemical structure and serological activity of natural and synthetic cardiolipin and related compounds.

Bruijn, J. H. De

doi:10.1136/sti.42.2.125

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Cardiolipin (CL) is the signature lipid of mitochondrial membranes. It contains two phosphatidyl moieties joined by a central glycerol backbone, forming a dimeric structure [ 1 ]. Thus, unlike other phospholipids that contain two fatty acyl chains linked by glycerol, CL has four acyl chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cardiolipin in Cardiovascular Health

Shen

McCain

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Cardiolipin (CL), the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, is crucial for both mitochondrial function and cellular processes outside of the mitochondria. The importance of CL in cardiovascular health is underscored by the life-threatening genetic disorder Barth syndrome (BTHS), which manifests clinically as cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, neutropenia, and growth retardation. BTHS is caused by mutations in the gene encoding tafazzin, the transacylase that carries out the second CL remodeling step. In addition to BTHS, CL is linked to other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and Tangier disease. The link between CL and CVD may possibly be explained by the physiological roles of CL in pathways that are cardioprotective, including mitochondrial bioenergetics, autophagy/mitophagy, and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In this review, we focus on the role of CL in the pathogenesis of CVD as well as the molecular mechanisms that may link CL functions to cardiovascular health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cardiolipin in Cardiovascular Health

Shen

McCain

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…In syphilis, which is caused by another spirochete, Treponema pallidum , reactivity with the lipid antigen cardiolipin, which is diphosphatidylglycerol (27), is measured by the VDRL test. The response to this lipid antigen declines ≥4-fold or disappears within 6 months after antibiotic therapy, and therefore, the success of antibiotic treatment can be confirmed with this test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong IgG antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi glycolipids in patients with Lyme arthritis, a late manifestation of the infection

Jones

Seward

Ben-Menachem

et al. 2009

Clinical Immunology

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In this study, the membrane lipids of B. burgdorferi were separated into 16 fractions; the components in each fraction were identified, and the immunogenicity of each fraction was determined by ELISA using sera from Lyme disease patients. Only the 2 glycolipids, acylated cholesteryl galactoside (ACG, BbGL-I) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MgalD, BbGL-II), were immunogenic. Early in the infection, 24 of 84 patients (29%) who were convalescent from erythema migrans and 19 of the 35 patients (54%) with neuroborreliosis had weak IgG responses to purified MgalD, and a smaller percentage of patients had early responses to synthetic ACG. However, almost all of 75 patients with Lyme arthritis, a late disease manifestation, had strong IgG reactivity with both glycolipids. Thus, almost all patients with Lyme arthritis have strong IgG antibody responses to B. burgdorferi glycolipid antigens.

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“…The canonical CL structure comprises two phosphatidylglycerol lipids, joined by a central glycerol backbone, to form a dimeric tetra-acylated phospholipid. Notably, CLs are ubiquitously observed in biological matrices. , In prokaryotic cells, CLs are dominant lipids that reside at the poles of the inner and outer membranes . Gram-negative bacterial CL is synthesized at the inner membrane and actively transport to the outer membrane by the transporter PgbA .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, CLs are ubiquitously observed in biological matrices. 11,12 In prokaryotic cells, CLs are dominant lipids that reside at the poles of the inner and outer membranes. 13 Gram-negative bacterial CL is synthesized at the inner membrane and actively transport to the outer membrane by the transporter PgbA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streamlined Analysis of Cardiolipins in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Samples Using a Norharmane Matrix by MALDI-MSI

Yang

Jackson

Woods

et al. 2020

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Cardiolipins (CLs) are an important, regulated lipid class both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, yet they remain largely unexplored by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) in tissues. To date, no in-depth optimization studies of label-free visualization of CLs in complex biological samples have been reported. Here we report a streamlined modification to our previously reported MALDI-MSI method for detection of endogenous CLs in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on preparation with norharmane (NRM) matrix. Notably, the use of NRM matrix permitted sensitive detection (4.7 pg/mm 2 ) of spotted CL synthetic standards. By contrast, four other MALDI matrices commonly used for lipid analysis failed to generate CL ions. Using this NRM-based method, endogenous CLs were detected from two types of complex biological samples: dried bacterial arrays and mouse tissue sections. In both cases, using NRM resulted in a better signal/noise for CL ions than the other matrices. Furthermore, inclusion of a washing step improved CL detection from tissue and this combined tissue preparation method (washing and NRM matrix) was used to profile normal mouse lung. Mouse lung yielded 26 unique CLs that were mapped and identified. Consistent with previous findings, CLs containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found in abundance in the airway and vascular features of the lung. This work represents a comprehensive investigation of detection conditions for CL using MALDI-MSI in complex biological samples that resulted in a streamlined method that enables future studies of the biological role(s) of CL in tissue.

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Chemical structure and serological activity of natural and synthetic cardiolipin and related compounds.

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

The Role of Cardiolipin in Cardiovascular Health

The Role of Cardiolipin in Cardiovascular Health

Strong IgG antibody responses to Borrelia burgdorferi glycolipids in patients with Lyme arthritis, a late manifestation of the infection

Streamlined Analysis of Cardiolipins in Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Samples Using a Norharmane Matrix by MALDI-MSI

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